DEBITO.ORG NEWSLETTER APRIL 26, 2017

mytest

Books, eBooks, and more from Dr. Debito Arudou (click on icon):
Guidebookcover.jpgjapaneseonlyebookcovertextHandbook for Newcomers, Migrants, and Immigrants to Japan「ジャパニーズ・オンリー 小樽入浴拒否問題と人種差別」(明石書店)sourstrawberriesavatardebitopodcastthumbFodorsJapan2014cover
UPDATES ON TWITTER: arudoudebito
DEBITO.ORG PODCASTS on iTunes, subscribe free
“LIKE” US on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/debitoorg
https://www.facebook.com/embeddedrcsmJapan
http://www.facebook.com/handbookimmigrants
https://www.facebook.com/JapaneseOnlyTheBook
https://www.facebook.com/BookInAppropriate
If you like what you read and discuss on Debito.org, please consider helping us stop hackers and defray maintenance costs with a little donation via my webhoster:
Donate towards my web hosting bill!
All donations go towards website costs only. Thanks for your support!

DEBITO.ORG NEWSLETTER APRIL 26, 2017

 

Table of Contents:
////////////////////////////////////////
IT’S A HARD KNOCK LIFE FOR NJ
1) Fukushima Pref Police HQ online poster asking for public vigilantism against “illegal foreign workers, overstayers”
2) Mainichi: 80% believed fake rumors of crime by foreigners in Japan after 3/11 quake: poll
3) Cautionary tale: Bern on how no protections against harassment in Japan’s universities targets NJ regardless of Japan savviness and skill level
4) Reuters: Japan’s foreign asylum seekers tricked into Fukushima radiation clean-up

PROVABLY SO
5) Unprecedented Ministry of Justice survey of NJ discrimination results out, officially quantifies significantly high rates of unequal treatment
6) Japan Times JBC 106: “Government, survey thyself”, on unprecedented nationwide poll of NJ on discrimination, with one big blind spot (March 5, 2017)

AND OFFICIALLY SO
7) Kyodo: “Russian’s conviction for handgun possession dismissed”, due to bent J-cops’ “arrest quotas” that illegally entrap NJ
8 ) Yomiuri on “Sharp decline in tourist spending”, with GOJ measures to certify NJ in “Cool Japan” for preferential visas
9) NHK repeatedly racially profiles prototypical criminal (the only NJ person in a crowd) on TV program Close-Up Gendai, Apr 5, 2017
10) Irish Times: Abe Admin in trouble due to ultranationalistic kindergarten Moritomo Gakuen, its perks, and its anti-Korean/Chinese racism

… and finally…
11) Japan Times JUST BE CAUSE column 105: “Media, stop normalizing sumo as an ethno-sport”, Monday, Feb 20, 2017
////////////////////////////////////////

By Debito Arudou Ph.D. (debito@debito.org, www.debito.org, Twitter @arudoudebito)
Debito.org Newsletter freely forwardable

////////////////////////////////////////

IT’S A HARD KNOCK LIFE FOR NJ
1) Fukushima Pref Police HQ online poster asking for public vigilantism against “illegal foreign workers, overstayers”

Fukushima Prefectural Police HQ poster:
“PLEASE COOPERATE IN INVESTIGATIONS OF CRIME BY FOREIGNERS COMING TO JAPAN.
Nationwide, there are many cases of things like theft and heinous crimes by foreign muggers coming to Japan. In Fukushima Prefecture as well, the following have occurred:
0) Widespread cases of burglaries targeting [including grammatical error of wo tou wo] precious metal shops.
0) Burglaries at pachinko parlors using body-sensitive machines (taikanki) [whatever those are].
0) Cases of auto break-ins.”

Submitter XY: “Not only are they perpetuating the stereotype of NJ being criminals, they’re basically asking the public to act as vigilante immigration officers.”

COMMENTS: Well, let’s put this into context with all the other police posters we’ve been cataloging here at Debito.org for many years. We’ve had the local police claiming that many crimes have been committed by foreigners in their area (while we’ve found that at in at least one case, despite police claims of “many cases”, crimes committed by foreigners were actually ZERO), and once again demonstrating how enlisting the public in racial profiling is their modus operandi.

In Fukushima Prefecture itself, according to the prefectural government, crime has been going steadily down without fail since 2002 (with no mention of foreign crime in the stats; you can bet that it would have been mentioned if it was significant). Foreign crime in Fukushima doesn’t even make the top 80% of all foreign crime committed by prefecture in 2011, the year everything went pear-shaped, according to the Ministry of Justice (see page 58). In the general NPA foreign crime report dated April 2015, Fukushima is only mentioned twice (talking about two individual crimes as case studies illustrative of “what foreign criminals do”), without overall crime breakdown by prefecture. And after a fairly exhaustive search, I can’t find ANY recent official stats on foreign crime in Fukushima, either in terms of numbers or rate of change. So I think this is probably just another example of the Japanese police manufacturing a fictitious foreign crime wave.

https://www.debito.org/?p=14559

////////////////////////////////////////

2) Mainichi: 80% believed fake rumors of crime by foreigners in Japan after 3/11 quake: poll

One thing we do here at Debito.org is track and quantify social damage done when media portrays people negatively. We’ve already talked at length about the fabricated foreign crime wave by the NPA since 2000 as a means of justifying police anti-crime budgets (see also book “Embedded Racism”, Ch. 7), and how flawed and loaded government surveys indicate that the Japanese public believes (moreover are encouraged to believe) that foreigners don’t deserve the same human rights as Japanese humans. Well, here’s another survey, done by a university professor in Sendai, that indicates how unchecked rumors about foreign crime in times of panic (particularly in the wake of the Fukushima Disasters) result in widespread (and unfounded) denigration of foreigners. To the tune of around 80% of survey respondents believing the worst about their NJ neighbors, regardless of the truth. SITYS. It’s the “blame game” all over again, except that only in rare cases does the government actually step in to right things before, during, or afterwards.

As Submitter JK notes: “Of interest is Professor Kwak’s statement that “False rumors commonly surface in the event of a major earthquake, and it is no easy task to erase them. Rather, each person needs to acquire the ability to judge them”. Given the result of his survey in Shinjuku-ku, it’s obvious that people lack the critical reasoning skills needed to separate fact from fiction (especially when disaster strikes), so this leads to me believe that trying to erase false rumors post-ex-facto is a fool’s errand — the ‘rumor’ that *needs* to be spread is that foreigners, specifically Chinese, Koreans and people from Southeast Asia are *NOT* looters, thieves, damagers of corpses (whatever that is), or rapists. In other words, what needs to happen to get the headline to read “Only 20% believed fake rumors of crime by foreigners in Japan after quake”?”

Quite. Once the damage is done, it’s done. Social media needs to be carefully monitored in times of public panic, especially in Japanese society, with a long history of blaming foreigners for whatever, whenever disaster strikes, sometimes with lethal results.

https://www.debito.org/?p=14521

////////////////////////////////////////

3) Cautionary tale: Bern on how no protections against harassment in Japan’s universities targets NJ regardless of Japan savviness and skill level

Here’s a crie du coeur from an academic I respect mightily named Bern. He has spent umpteen years in Japan’s higher education, both at the faculty and the Dean level (there have been very few NJ Deans ever in Japan’s universities), and has complete fluency in reading, writing, and spoken Japanese. Yet even after all his work acculturating and developing the same (if not greater) job skills as native speakers, he could not avoid institutional harassment. As he says below, “until harassment and discrimination laws are clarified and given real teeth” in Japan, all NJ faculty and staff are at risk.

And I speak from personal experience that this can happen to anyone. For NJ educators’ mental and vocational integrity, due consideration should be taken before ever considering a career in Japanese academia. Someday I’ll give an opinion piece about why Japan’s positions for NJ academics are, quite simply, a hoax, and why Japanese educational institutions should be avoided, full stop. But not yet. Meanwhile, here’s Bern:

https://www.debito.org/?p=14552

////////////////////////////////////////

4) Reuters: Japan’s foreign asylum seekers tricked into Fukushima radiation clean-up

Here’s a scoop involving several layers of odious. It’s not just a matter of Japan’s poor or homeless (or other foreigners) being exploited for dangerous and life-threatening jobs cleaning up the radioactive mess in Fukushima. Now Japan’s government is quite possibly complicit in tricking foreign ASYLUM SEEKERS into doing the dirty work, for the sake of being granted extensions to their visa (which turned out to be “a false promise”). All this under conditions where, according to the Reuters article below, “more than half of the 1,020 companies involved in decontamination violated labor and safety laws”. Further, as submitter JDG notes, “Asylum seekers in Japan tricked into doing nuclear decontamination work in Fukushima because when they get over-dosed on radiation and contaminated, the J-gov can always reject their asylum applications and deport them after all, right?”

As Debito.org has noted before, there is a metaphorical radioactivity to Fukushima that overwhelms law and order and corrodes all sense, bringing out the corrupt criminal underbelly of Japan’s bureaucratic and political worlds. Fukushima’s running-sore of an issue has undermined all integrity at the eventual expense of lives, particularly those of the most powerless in society. Six years after the event, the whitewashing of the issue continues.

https://www.debito.org/?p=14518

////////////////////////////////////////

PROVABLY SO
5) Unprecedented Ministry of Justice survey of NJ discrimination results out, officially quantifies significantly high rates of unequal treatment

Japan Times: “Rent application denials, Japanese-only recruitment and racist taunts are among the most rampant forms of discrimination faced by foreign residents in Japan, according to the results of the country’s first nationwide survey on the issue, released Friday. The unprecedented survey of 18,500 expats of varying nationalities at the end of last year paints a comprehensive picture of deeply rooted discrimination in Japan as the nation struggles to acclimate to a recent surge in foreign residents and braces for an even greater surge in tourists in the lead-up to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It also represents the latest in a series of fledgling steps taken by Japan to curb racism, following last year’s first-ever video analysis by the Justice Ministry of anti-Korea demonstrations and the enactment of a law to eradicate hate speech.[…]

“The study found that 39.3 percent of 2,044 respondents who applied to rent apartments over the past five years got dismissed because they are not Japanese. In addition, 41.2 percent said they were turned down because they couldn’t secure a Japanese guarantor, while 26.8 percent said they quit their pursuit of a new domicile after being discouraged by a “Japanese-only” prerequisite. Workplace discrimination appears rife, too. Of the 4,252 respondents, 2,788 said they had either worked or sought employment in Japan over the past five years. Of them, 25.0 percent said they had experienced being brushed off by potential employers because they are non-Japanese, while 19.6 percent said they were paid lower than their Japanese co-workers…”

https://www.debito.org/?p=14528

////////////////////////////////////////

6) Japan Times JBC 106: “Government, survey thyself”, on unprecedented nationwide poll of NJ on discrimination, with one big blind spot (March 5, 2017)

JBC 106: Something landmark happened late last year. Japan’s government undertook a nationwide survey of discrimination toward Japan’s long-term non-Japanese (NJ) residents.

The Foreign Residents Survey (FRS), drawn up in 13 languages, was randomly mailed last November to 18,500 NJ residents. It was widely dispersed — to about 500 names per local government.

Good. We need hard data about the breadth and depth of discrimination to deal with it. However, previous government surveys analyzed in this column (e.g., “Human rights survey stinks,” Zeit Gist, Oct. 23, 2007) had serious methodological problems. And afterwards, thanks to attention in The Japan Times, they were amended (Source: Embedded Racism p 243 fn 140). Many thanks.

So how is the survey this time? Much better. But it still needs work due to an enormous blind spot…

https://www.debito.org/?p=14506

////////////////////////////////////////

AND OFFICIALLY SO
7) Kyodo: “Russian’s conviction for handgun possession dismissed”, due to bent J-cops’ “arrest quotas” that illegally entrap NJ

Kyodo: “Following new testimony from a former police inspector about a Russian man who was caught in an illegal police sting operation, a court Tuesday overturned his 1998 conviction for handgun possession… [Plaintiff] Novosyolov was arrested in November 1997 at the port of Otaru in western Hokkaido for possessing a handgun and was found guilty of violating the firearms control law by the district court in August 1998. He had been seeking a retrial, claiming he was the victim of an illegal operation by the Hokkaido police. […]

“At the time of Novosyolov’s arrest, police officers had been assigned a quota to confiscate illegal guns following a series of sniper shootings targeting key figures in Japan. Police officers instructed an informant to encourage foreigners to bring firearms to Japan as part of efforts to meet the quota. Novosyolov was arrested in the process of exchanging the handgun.”

COMMENTS: As the article alludes, entrapment is illegal in Japan. Japanese police are not allowed to catch criminals by engaging in criminal activity themselves. Which is why Japanese doing illegal things overseas act rather indignant (as opposed to penitent) when being caught by, for example, American sting operations. That’s why this case should have been thrown out of court, at least in Japanese jurisprudence — the ill-gotten evidence was inadmissible. And doubly so when the cops are pressuring themselves to nail NJ just to fulfill a “quota”. Triply so when the cop who trapped him and later came clean, Inaba Yoshiaki, was himself a druggie. (Hokkaido cops are actually pretty famous for being bent, see here and here; and as I discovered for myself here and here.)

And something closer to my heart: This took place in Otaru, my old stomping ground, and the site of the “Japanese Only” racist bathhouses that resulted in the landmark Otaru Onsens Case. Otaru cops are also rather famous for their arrogance, conducting spot Gaijin Card checks just to alleviate their own boredom (my first one happened there in 1987, shortly after I first arrived), so to me this is all within character. Congrats to Novosyolov for getting sprung. But I doubt this will result in any reforms to the system that illegally entraps NJ for sport.

https://www.debito.org/?p=14514

////////////////////////////////////////

8 ) Yomiuri on “Sharp decline in tourist spending”, with GOJ measures to certify NJ in “Cool Japan” for preferential visas

Debito.org Reader JK sends articles that indicate that the Japanese Government wants tourists to come in and spend more money (without doing the legal groundwork necessary to stop them being discriminated against), and is willing to bribe the NJ already here with preferential visas if they get certified in “Cool Japan”, i.e., become shills. Kinda smart in terms of incentive systems, but very cynical — and those critical of Japan, of course, need not apply. The pressure to unquestionably “like” Japan is already omnipresent, and now reinforced as public policy.

Yomiuri: While a record 24 million-plus foreign tourists came to Japan last year, spending per person dropped sharply in 2016, according to the Japan Tourism Agency. Fewer foreign visitors are engaging in extravagant shopping sprees, so figuring out how to use Japan’s charms to increase tourism outside major metropolitan areas and encourage longer stays is becoming an issue. […] The increase in the number of tourists pushed overall spending to a record ¥3.75 trillion, but per-person spending was down 11.5 percent from the previous year to ¥155,896, the largest drop ever recorded. Behind the decline was the yen’s appreciation from the previous year, as well as a change in the purpose of travel from “consumption” through shopping and other means, to trips aimed at “experiencing things” such as nature and culture. The government hopes to raise per-person spending to ¥200,000 by 2020.

Yomiuri: The government is considering establishing a certification test for assessing the competency and know-how of foreigners engaged in activities related to the “Cool Japan” initiative, such as anime and fashion. The aim is to accept more of these foreigners into National Strategic Special Zones, according to sources. The government intends to relax the requirements for obtaining resident status for candidates who meet certain competency criteria and conditions. The plan is aimed at foreign students graduating from Japanese vocational schools, the sources said. By creating a friendly working environment for foreigners with strong interests in Japanese culture, the government aims to increase the number of foreigners with an intimate familiarity with Japan. They could then serve as informal bridges for future exchanges between Japan and their home countries. […] The working group is considering allowing foreigners to obtain certification to stay in Japan for several years, the sources said.

https://www.debito.org/?p=14473

////////////////////////////////////////

9) NHK repeatedly racially profiles prototypical criminal (the only NJ person in a crowd) on TV program Close-Up Gendai, Apr 5, 2017

JF: Just watched today’s Close Up Gendai on NHK, [“Can smartphones steal fingerprints? The over-transceiving society has arrived”]. Topic was how biometric data from pictures and security cameras can be used and abused. While the experts were taking, during the entire program, they kept on showing relevant clips in the background. One of the clips shows how a face recognition system picks a criminal from a group of faces in a public place. Sure enough, among the group of Asian faces, there is one Western-looking foreigner, who happens to be “blacklisted”.

Please see attached picture taken from my TV. As reinforcement of the image linking foreigners to crime, I counted our “blacklisted” gaikokujin friend reappearing on continuous loop 6x, but I may have missed some as I just skimmed it. One in the beginning, two more in-between and the rest in the last 5 minutes when they had the discussion in the studio, including one at the very end. What does this, on a subconscious level, suggest to the Japanese audience?? Not sure if you know somebody at NHK, they should be more sensitive about these things!

COMMENT: It’s an interesting program in terms of content and execution, but how far the mighty have fallen. Close-Up Gendai was one of those programs you could count on for at least trying to strike a reasonable balance. Clearly not anymore. Especially after the purges of the show to reflect NHK’s hostile takeover by political leaders who explicitly (as a matter of officially-stated policy) can only act as the government’s mouthpiece. Okay then, if that’s the way you want it. Here again we have more evidence of latent racial profiling as probable representations of government policy — NJ are more likely to be criminals (if not terrorists — watch from minute 18:30), all over again. Beware of them in a crowd!

https://www.debito.org/?p=14539

////////////////////////////////////////

10) Irish Times: Abe Admin in trouble due to ultranationalistic kindergarten Moritomo Gakuen, its perks, and its anti-Korean/Chinese racism

Here’s a story that people have been talking about for quite some time in the Comments section of Debito.org (but sandbagged by other projects, I haven’t quite gotten to until now, thanks to this good round-up article by Dr. David McNeill): Schools fostering ultra-rightist narratives even from a kindergarten age (in this case, the Moritomo Gakuen Case in Osaka, with its former honorary principal being PM Abe’s wife).

One thing I’ve always wondered about these nationalistic schools designed to instill “love of country” and enforce patriotism from an early age (which are, actually, not a new phenomenon, see also here): How are they supposed to deal with students who are of mixed heritage, or of foreign descent? As Japan’s multiethnic Japanese citizen population continues to grow thanks to international marriage, are these students also to be taught that love of country means only one country? Or that if they are of mixed roots, that they can only “love” one side?

This sort of jingoism should be on its way out of any developed society in this increasingly globalizing world. But, alas, as PM Abe toadies up to Trump, I’m sure the former will find plenty of things to point at going on in the USA to justify Japan’s renewed exclusionism, and “putting Japan first” through a purity narrative. Still, as seen below, the glimmer of hope is the charge that this school’s funny financial dealings (and their anointment of Abe’s wife as “honorary principal”) might in fact be the thing that brings down the Abe Administration (if it does, I’ll begin to think that Japan’s parliamentary system is actually healthier than the US’s Executive Branch). And that Japan’s hate speech law has in fact bitten down on their racist activities. An interesting case study in progress.

https://www.debito.org/?p=14500

////////////////////////////////////////

… and finally…
11) Japan Times JUST BE CAUSE column 105: “Media, stop normalizing sumo as an ethno-sport”, Monday, Feb 20, 2017

JT JBC 105: Congratulations to Kisenosato last month for ascending to yokozuna, sumo wrestling’s highest rank. After all your efforts, well done. So what does JBC have to say about it? Nothing to diminish that achievement, of course. But how the event echoed overseas was significant. Let’s consider these misleading and exclusionary headlines from prominent news outlets (BBC, Guardian, Washington Post, NYT, and even the JT), which are having the effect of exporting domestically-normalized attitudes of racism from an overtly exclusionary ethno-sport. And when you read the text of the articles themselves, their embedded racism becomes even clearer. Why are foreign correspondents exporting racism just because it emanates from Japan?

https://www.debito.org/?p=14492

////////////////////////////////////////

That’s all for this month. Thanks for reading! Debito

DEBITO.ORG NEWSLETTER APRIL 26, 2017 ENDS

——————
Do you like what you read on Debito.org?  Want to help keep the archive active and support Debito.org’s activities?  Please consider donating a little something.  More details here. Or even click on an ad below.

37 comments on “DEBITO.ORG NEWSLETTER APRIL 26, 2017

  • Loverilakkuma says:

    Remember Japan’s ostentatious magic bullet–a.k.a. the Hague Convention? MOFA’s Hague pamphlet vividly describes a phony narrative of cure-all, fix-all problems of international post-marital disputes in racliazed/gender-feminized account. And see what is happening here. It’s SAME. Hague does little to nothing to fix the structural problems surrounding family law system, judicial deliberation, family communication, and social justice.

    Last year, I actually wrote a paper about the MOFA Hague Pamphlet. My key argument is MOFA’s promotion executes rhetoric of endogeny that articulates for national moral improvement to appease the criticism through framing of international marital dispute as the matter of an amicable cultural diplomacy, by masking the power of Wajin privilege in exploitation of segregating cultural spaces in jurisprudence, diplomacy, and family communication. It’s kind of critical rhetoric project: a rigorous critique of whiteness buried in the name of Wajin privilege by smacking down the very assumption that it only occurs in the western sphere. That’s one for the reality of hate, anger, taunting, mockery, and cynicism coming out from the mouths of those joining in the chorus of “bad gaijin virus.” Many of those are typically English-speakers exercising their white privilege to defend their actions in the name of free speech. No doubt they are responsible for instigating antagonism between and among NJ to create the landscape of gaijin polarization in Japan.

    This JT article is a spot-on. A visible effect of signing the Hague Convention so far seems to be Japan’s deploring level of ineptitude, hubris, and ignorance on every venue they explore.

    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2017/05/01/issues/three-years-japan-signed-hague-parents-abduct-still-win/

    Reply
    • Thanks for sharing that, Loverilakkuma. Just reading it brings my blood to a boil. It also kind of makes me scared to get married and have children. What an absolute disgrace. Reading about Mr. Cook’s children being alienated from him, too, is just infuriating. I cannot imagine what that must feel like, to have your own children hurl such words at you.

      Reply
  • Anonymous says:

    @RelaxBear – What are you on about this time?

    RelaxBear tells us he wrote a paper about the MOFA Hague pamphlet:

    “It’s (a) kind of critical rhetoric project: a rigorous critique of whiteness buried in the name of Wajin privilege by smacking down the very assumption that it only occurs in the western sphere.”

    “It [the RelaxBear paper] … is a rigorous critique of whiteness” (?)

    That would be a strange paper, but possible, based on RelaxBear’s repeated complaints about whites in America treating him badly in the past.

    “It [the MOFA Hague Pamphlet] … smacks down the very assumption that it [marital dispute? domestic violence? post-marital-dispute? what?] only occurs in the western sphere.” (?)

    That wouldn’t make sense either, since the MOFA pamphlet definitely didn’t smack down any such assumptions, it tried to create such assumptions.

    Please clarify what the first “it” in that sentence means. Either way, “the MOFA pamphlet” or “the RelaxBear paper” that one sentence still can not make sense. A re-write would be required either way.

    And then, directly after that non-nonsensical sentence comes these two sentences:

    RelaxBear wrote: “That’s one for the reality of hate, anger, taunting, mockery, and cynicism coming out from the mouths of those joining in the chorus of ‘bad gaijin virus.’ Many of those are typically English-speakers exercising their white privilege to defend their actions in the name of free speech.”

    The “That’s one” sentence [what’s one? the MOFA pamphlet or the RelaxBear paper?] seems to be attempting to criticize the writings of the Tepido/Japologism/JapanCircleJerk posters “joining in the chorus” of saying “bad gai-jin” … which seems like a logical sentence…

    …but then the subsequent “Many of those” sentence comes along and starts complaining about “English-speakers” “white privilege” and “free speech” thus implying that readers should infer that the problem we should focus on, when discussing the mass majority of 100-something-million “Nippon-jin race” people committing and allowing race-based-exclusion and race-based-libel, is: whites in Japan (!) because Japan supposedly gives whites in Japan the ability to type whatever they want online because they are white. “White privilege in Japan” is what we should blame?

    No, I’m not buying it.

    The problem here is the 100-something-million “Nippon-jin race” majority committing and allowing race-based-exclusion and race-based-libel of the minority races in Japan. Whites are one of those minority races in Japan.

    The Tepido/Japologism/JapanCircleJerk posters are less than a tiny drop in the Japanese racism bucket, so why would your paper criticizing the MOFA pamphlet be diverted off into unrelated talk about whites?

    A paper about the majority race in America and Europe, “Caucasians/Whites”, holding an unfair “majority privilege”, in which the majority race controlling the police and the courts unfairly makes lower arrests and unfairly gives lower punishments to their own race: “Caucasians/Whites”.

    THAT kind of paper would make sense.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States

    But a paper about JAPAN must admit that “The Japanese Race” (NOT “whites”) are the majority race in Japan, holding an unfair “majority privilege”, in which the majority race controlling the police and the courts unfairly makes lower arrests and unfairly gives lower punishments to their own race: “The Japanese Race”.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_people
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Japan
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_issues_in_Japan
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaijin

    So, we readers really do have to wonder what is the real honne in RelaxBear’s post above?

    RelaxBear’s past posts complained about the race-based-discrimination he endured from whites, as a Japanese-race-person in America (where the Civil Rights Act outlawing private race-based-discrimination since 1964 allowed him to take any such offenders to court for penalization.)

    Combine that past with RelaxBear’s post now bringing up “a critique of whiteness” (perpetrated by the MOFA pamphlet? or perpetrated by RelaxBear’s paper? perhaps both? one can’t really tell with the vague “it” usage.)

    Followed by an obviously clear, undeniable, false claim of “white privilege in Japan” (a-few-hundred-thousand “white race” minority individuals in Japan holding power over the 100-something-million “Nippon-jin race” majority? Absurd.)

    RelaxBear’s second-to-last sentence was logical (about Tepido/Japologism/JapanCircleJerk posters “instigating antagonism between and among NJ to create the landscape of gaijin polarization in Japan.”)

    RelaxBear’s third-to-last sentence was NOT logical (about Tepido/Japologism/JapanCircleJerk posters exercising their white privilege [in JAPAN?] to defend their actions in the name of free speech.”

    Citation please, for the absurd claim that whites in Japan have MORE free-speech rights than The Japanese Race in Japan.

    It seems to me that in whatever topic we discuss, RelaxBear’s vibe is basically, “Yeah, I understand the pain of race-based-discrimination which you gai-jin are suffering from in Japan, and now let me once again segue into diverting the subject to how the white majority individuals in America commit race-based-discrimination, and how whites in Japan are enjoying white-privilege here in Japan too!”

    This blog is about Japan, where “The Japanese Race” holds extreme power over the white race, as well as over EVERY other “Non-Japanese race”.

    This blog is about Japan, where “The Japanese Race” controlling the police and the courts unfairly makes lower arrests and unfairly gives lower punishments to their own race.

    This blog is about Japan, where “The Japanese Race” refuses to even pass a Civil Right Act outlawing race-based-discrimination in 2017.

    Bottom-line, RelaxBearLover, admit to yourself and to us, that here in Japan: “white race” minority individuals do NOT hold any power over the 100-something-million “Nippon-jin race” majority.

    — I think LLK is referring to an analytical paradigm within book Embedded Racism, which takes the theoretical trappings of Whiteness Studies and applies them to Japan to study the dominant power majority here — Wajin — as “Wajin Studies”.

    Reply
    • Loverilakkuma says:

      @Anonymous

      First, you obviously get yourself confused. “Whiteness” in my posting does not mean studying white people’s ideas. It is about how Japanese endogenous rhetoric(I call it “endogenous” because of its underlying assumption for claiming Japan’s one-and-only uniqueness, inside/outside dichotomy) functions similarly to “whiteness” by reifying the notions of segregation and alienation present in the contexts of legal, diplomatic, and family communication.

      Second, if you really believe “whiteness” is not visible in the Japanese society simply because it is a product of west, then you are being caught in the trap of system shaping endogenous rhetoric. Didn’t you find anything that stood you out about the incident, let’s say, backlash against foreign media correspondents? Crappy apologist blogs like Tepido/Japologism are no match to death threats, trolling on social media or harassment calls you may receive. Perpetrators are not just local Japanese. NJ are also key players in shaping the discourse of hatred that could not only polarize its community but also bring a serious injuries. No big deal to you because you are a privileged one(like white, or anything that privileges you)? Good for you. If you are aware that that’s the kind of logic many folks use.(“Example: your social plight due to race, culture, gender, or religion is NOT my concern. We have president D in the WH. Deal with it.”). Check out any discussion board on the articles dealing Japan’s human rights or NJ. Such type of snobbishness is well revealed in discussion forum and social media where lots of English-speakers leave comments.

      Finally, I am writing my comments based on my research experience and what I learned from my discipline. I make my posts on the blog for the development of constructive discussion.
      While I share the perspectives of most posters on human rights issues, I don’t have moral obligation to curry favor with anyone–regardless of her/his political view. And that includes you, Anonymous. Whether you like it or not is of little concern. But I will not tolerate any insult or groundless accusation. Use your discretion to engage or not. Your choice.

      @Debito
      It’s grounded specifically on “Critical Rhetoric.” Derived from Foucault, Hall, Habermas, etc. It’s kind of multi-disciplinary scholarships from both humanities and social science including communication, English, sociology, anthropology, psychology, etc.

      Reply
  • Anonymous says:

    “It (either MOFA’s pamphlet or RelaxBearLover’s paper) is a rigorous critique of whiteness buried in the name of Wajin privilege by smacking down the very assumption that it only occurs in the western sphere.”

    Even with the Wajin privilege part included, the sentence still makes no sense at all.

    And we know that the MOFA pamphlet didn’t “smack down” the very assumption that something only occurs in the Western sphere, to the contrary the MOFA pamphlet promoted that assumption.

    And thus the logical assumption is that it is RelaxBearLover’s paper which is:
    a rigorous critique of “whiteness”, buried in the name of Wajin privilege.
    or
    a rigorous critique of “whiteness buried in the name of Wajin privilege.”

    Which is the problem with his post above.

    RelaxBearLover described his paper as a “critique of whiteness” (!)

    (which is not the kind of critique we can support, even though he unsuccessfully tries to use the phrase “Wajin privilege” in the same sentence.)

    Then RelaxBearLover complained about English-speakers in Japan using “white privilege” in Japan (!)

    (again, this is a typical drunken-Japanese-complaint we don’t want to encourage here, the absurdly false complaint of “whites holding more power in Japan than ware ware Nippon-jin.” Even though we dislike the posts from the specific group of posters he was referring to: Tepido/Japologism/JapanCircleJerk, RelaxBearLover’s claim of “white privilege in Japan” shows a major mistake in his current thinking about Japan.

    RelaxBearLover totally missed the point of Dr. Debito Arudou’s ground-breaking book Embedded Racism: the main analytical paradigm proves FALSE the American/European assumption that “whites are the dominant power EVERYWHERE”, by proving absolutely TRUE that the dominant power majority here in Japan are the Wajin = “The Nippon-jin Race”.

    Thus, RelaxBearLover can and should post on this blog about “Wajin privilege in Japan” = “Nippon-Jin Race privilege in Japan” = “Individual and Institutional Racism, perpetrated by the Japanese-race majority against ALL the non-Japanese-race minorities (including whites, yes, though this is a surprising new concept to the rest of the world, whites are a powerless minority race here) in Japan”.

    RelaxBearLover can NOT honestly post on this blog illogical inaccurate incoherent drunken sentences about his “critique of whiteness / critique of whiteness buried in the name of Wajin privilege” or his patently FALSE claims of “white privilege in Japan / whites having the privilege of more free speech rights than Japanese in Japan”.

    Reply
    • Loverilakkuma says:

      @Anonymous

      You are hitting keyboard before you try to comprehend and think. Your sentences are rambling.

      It all goes down to the problem with your assumptions:
      that “white privilege” and “Wajin privilege” are two different entities. They are separated, and there’s no connection between the two due to difference in naming. ”

      No wonder you didn’t get what/how “white privilege” in Japan means. Also funny you call it complaining(which I am NOT) for misappropriating the term. “White privilege” in this context is for those who are not only slamming us on a regular basis, but spewing hatred, cynicism, and invective on a daily basis for criticizing Japan or Japanese society. It’s virtually everywhere on the cyberspace. People are feeling a sense of threat from that regardless of where they live. That’s the reality.

      Most of the sentences mentioning my position on the issue including Debito’s work is based on your speculation. None of those reflect my writings or perspectives. You are going way off to the wrong field.

      What I am observing here is that when you have trouble understanding the ideas(not just mine but other people’s as well), you choose to start trashing down on that person, which is me –instead of asking the terms/words directly or indirectly.

      Now who is “irrational?”You call me “dishonest.” I’ll call you “childish.”

      Is this the way you communicate with people (whether on cyber or face-to-face)? I would not recommend it.

      — Okay, I think this discussion is devolving into ad-hominem on both sides. If it did not, it could continue longer, but no: I will allow one more post from Anonymous on this subject, and one answer from LLK, and then call this discussion closed. Please make your last remarks with good summations.

      Reply
  • Anonymous says:

    This is a blog about “the Japanese race (Wajin) committing institutionalized embedded racism against all non-Japanese races (Gaijin)”.

    RelaxBearLover, in his three posts above, would divert the discussion to complaining about “the Caucasian race (Whites) committing institutionalized embedded racism against all non-Caucasian races (non-Whites)”.

    #1. This is not the blog for such complaints about that power problem in White-majority countries.
    #2. In Japan, white races, like ALL non-Japanese races in Japan, do NOT hold privilege over the Japanese race.
    #3. In his effort to talk about “white racism against non-whites” he has rudely shortened his complaint to being against: whiteness!

    From the posts above, we are confronted with RelaxBearLover’s strange, rude, incorrect, racist definition of whiteness:

    “whiteness” = “something which my paper is a rigorous critique of”

    “whiteness” = “segregation and alienation present in the contexts of legal, diplomatic, and family communication.”

    “whiteness” = “functions similarly to Japanese endogenous (one-and-only uniqueness, inside/outside dichotomy) rhetoric by reifying such notions of segregation and alienation.”

    “White privilege in Japan” = “being used by those who are not only slamming us on a regular basis, but spewing hatred, cynicism, and invective on a daily basis.”

    Even though we dislike the posts from the specific group of posters he was referring to: Tepido/Japologism/JapanCircleJerk, RelaxBearLover’s claim of “white privilege in Japan” shows a major mistake in his current thinking about Japan.

    RelaxBearLover totally missed the point of Dr. Debito Arudou’s ground-breaking book Embedded Racism: the main analytical paradigm proves FALSE the American/European assumption that “whites are the dominant power EVERYWHERE”, by proving absolutely TRUE that the dominant power majority here in Japan are the Wajin = “The Nippon-jin Race”.

    Thus, RelaxBearLover can and should post on this blog about “Wajin privilege in Japan” = “Nippon-Jin Race privilege in Japan” = “Individual and Institutional Racism, perpetrated by the Japanese-race majority against ALL the non-Japanese-race minorities (including whites, yes, though this is a surprising new concept to the rest of the world, whites are a powerless minority race here) in Japan”.

    RelaxBearLover can NOT honestly post on this blog illogical inaccurate incoherent drunken sentences about “whiteness” or his “critique of whiteness / critique of whiteness buried in the name of Wajin privilege” or his patently FALSE claims of “white privilege in Japan / whites having the privilege of more free speech rights than Japanese in Japan”.

    Summary = In this blog, posts inserting racist ramblings about the problem being “whiteness in Japan” and “white privilege in Japan” are wrong and not welcome here.

    The problem in Japan is “the Japanese race” (Wajin) committing institutionalized embedded racism against ALL non-Japanese races (Gaijin).

    — Okay, LLK, last word, if you so choose.

    Reply
  • Loverilakkuma says:

    As many of you here probably know, this is not the first time Anonymous and I had a heated argument in the past. I know who h/she is since I have seen the poster jumping down on my throat like a wildcat. That person has the habit of accusation and finger-pointing based on what h/she likes or dislikes. I know I am not alone in becoming a receiving end of accusation in this blog. I saw some people who got called out not just because of their positions that seem to go against the purpose of this blog, but also because of the ideas that h/she does not like(even though they are not necessarily problematic). I have no problem if the posters who get called out are in the wrong for obvious reasons (i.e., fallacious arguments, trolling). However the ideas that seem new(or foreign) but actually have close connections to any Japan-related issue in terms of effect, framework, methods, etc., does not deserve same kind of treatment–definitely not with a tone of accusation Anonymous is making here and elsewhere. That is simply uncalled for.

    I don’t think Anonymous is willing to figure it out the very concept I am elaborating on, since all I see in his/her post is a repetition of tirade and accusation. I made it very clear “whiteness” is strategic practice of discourse featuring centralization/segregation/alienation/appeasement for masking a tone of racial inequality. Denial of racism or avoidance of racial problems by Japanese ministry officials, media, corporations, politicians, and even some academic scholars(!) is a classic example. It’s not the matter of labeling Anonymous is bickering with. It’s about how exploitation of such cultural logic can be seen in particular segments of Japanese society. It’s about the practice of masking a visible inequality, promoting a good will in the name of hegemony, appeasing the anger toward visible discrimination while maintaining the system of inequality. Unlike Anonymous’s suggestion, in some contexts, you don’t even have to be entirely white to exploit the power of whiteness in Japan.

    I will not stop using the term “whiteness” because 1) it clearly draws similarities to practice of racism in Japan; and 2) perpetrators include both Japanese and NJ (although they play differently in terms of stake-holdings; and3) perpetrators of racial practice try deny its existence in all kind(e,g., making excuses…) I have no reason to do so just because Anonymous thinks.

    If Anonymous still has an issue, and has temptation to itch for fight, that’s his/her choice. I am not expecting to engage in accusation content. Neither am I expecting him/her to agree with me or considering as an online friend (even though I agree with Debito or other posters).

    The problem in Japan is more profound and diverse than Anonymous thinks. Non-Japanese are receiving scorns and accusations from both Japanese and non-Japanese community as well–because of who they are and what/how they are fighting back against the system reflecting on their social plight. We need to look at the problem in Japan more deep and profound–rather than a cookie-cutter monologic way of thinking like Japan is Japan/Other country is other country.We need to go beyond such dichotomy as Wajin vs. Hakujin or Wajin vs. non-Japanese to figure out how discourse creation polarization in the NJ community or drive a wedge between Japanese and NJ.

    — Okay, that concludes this thread. Thanks for the conversation.

    Reply
  • Andrew in Saitama says:

    I’m surprised this one hasn’t been making the rounds at debito.org.
    http://nextshark.com/korean-internet-star-told-go-fck-korean-restaurant-japan/
    I first saw it on one of those news/infotainment programs during Golden Week and was pleasantly surprised that none of the panel were trying to justify what had happened (although one suggested that putting the video up was a nasty payback… go figure)
    Another panel member even went so far as to talk about fake news by hate sites that report alleged crimes by Koreans.
    At the time of the program, the restaurant owner had posted two apologies on his website, but still hadn’t re-opened the restaurant.

    Reply
    • Jim Di Griz says:

      Thanks for posting! Like the “I’m glad I’m Japanese” posters, this is also a ‘Kyoto thing’.

      Reply
    • Jim Di Griz says:

      I like the shinto groups pathetic rationalization of being found out for unwittingly using a picture of a Chinese lady; “It doesn’t matter”?

      Seriously? Their stupid pro-Japanese racist poster features a Chinese, and “it doesn’t matter”? Ha, ha, ha!

      Reply
  • Anonymous says:

    In my opinion, I suspect the BBC (and likely all major media outlets who Japan wants to control, to limit damage of reporting about Japan’s reality of Embedded Racism) probably receives bribe money from Japan (through “some ownership of stock”, or through more secret direct payments ) and thus someone has been told to try to “lesson the blow” of this story, by captioning the poster “A poster promoting NATIONAL pride” (which makes many readers think, “What’s wrong with that, national pride posters are legal, aren’t they? Why are people complaining about national pride posters? Poor innocent Japan getting picked on again for doing nothing wrong…”)

    when the TRUE intention of the poster was to be “A poster promoting RACIAL pride” and “a poster defining Japanese Nationality as being limited to THE JAPANESE RACE ONLY.”

    While it’s funny to laugh at the schadenfreude of the racists who put this together being too lazy/stupid/cheap to actually pay for a “real Japanese race” model…

    let’s not forget the main point: “Proud to be Japanese Race” posters and “Japanese Race Only” signs still legal in Japan.

    Those who attempt to minimize public outrage about such signs, by falsely claiming “they are merely limiting to Japanese nationality”

    instead of admitting the truth (they are brazenly limiting to Japanese race)

    such minimizers are being ignorantly naive or are purposefully lying, and EITHER way:

    such reporters and commentators are thus enabling Japan’s Race-Based “Japanese (Race) Only” posters and signs to continue un-outlawed and un-penalized in 2017.

    Reply
  • Jim Di Griz says:

    UNHCR blast Abe personally in open letter over Conspiracy Bill, saying it is ‘seriously flawed’, and ask for point by point rebuttal.
    Get slammed by Suga instead, who UN then blast in email!

    https://japantoday.com/category/politics/Japan-protests-against-U.N.-privacy-expert's-queries-on-conspiracy-bill

    UN finally waking up to the fact that Abe believes human rights are compatible with Japanese culture. Took them long enough! It’s not as though Abe has made a secret of it.

    Reply
    • Jim Di Griz says:

      Dr. Debito, contributors and commentators here could now potentially be breaking the law by ‘conspiring’ to change Japanese institutions and society.
      Stifling civil society and debate is the purpose of this legislation for now, later it will be used to criminalize the wider society when dissatisfaction with failed LDP policies leads to (even more) reduced standards of living, and poorer quality of life.
      Zimbabwe, N.Korea, Japan. Maybe Japan really will be the first country in history to have a Summer Olympiad cancelled TWICE!

      Reply
  • Jim Di Griz says:

    U.N. Human Rights expert totally sees through Japan’s tatemae, and incisively blasts Japan in report! Well worth a read, he says that which Japan tries so hard to hide.

    I especially thought that this comment was exemplary;
    “Government influence over how textbooks treat the reality of the crimes committed during the Second World War undermines the public’s right to know and its ability to grapple with and understand its past,”

    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/05/30/national/social-issues/u-n-rights-expert-airs-concern-japans-freedom-expression/

    Reply
  • Jim Di Griz says:

    Abe’s Japan is far from being the ‘beautiful country’ he claims to envision. In fact, it’s become a very dark, nasty, oppressive, and dangerous place, far removed from concepts of inalienable human rights and the rule of law.
    Secrecy laws, conspiracy laws, ‘security’ legislation, school scandals involving Abe’s right-wing friends and his former employers, and now this;
    Friend of Abe rapes woman, police drop case.
    Abe’s wife even ‘liked’ the accused Facebook page where he ‘slut-shames’ (I believe the expression is) the victim. That Abe, he really does want to create a society where ‘women shine’ (死ね?).

    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/05/30/national/crime-legal/former-tbs-reporter-close-abe-ties-accused-rape/

    Japan has electricity, but it’s not a modern country. It’s a kleptocracy.

    Reply
    • Jim Di Griz says:

      Thanks for commenting on this over at JT Dr. Debito.

      It IS a racist and offensive sign. I think that the owner of the store can’t see how offensive it is, he thinks it’s ‘gaijin humor’. It seems to be a (all too familiar) case of Japanese having an extremely superficial ‘understanding’ of NJ culture; all Japanese are polite V’s all ‘gaijin’ are rude, all the time, so it’s not rude for a Japanese to be rude to NJ.
      The guys store has other signs that have slurs directed at the disabled, homosexuals, and HIV. All ‘gaijin humor jokes, ha ha!’

      Over at JT, the trolls in the comments section are repeating the ‘if you don’t like it, go home’ mantra. But the thing is that the GOJ doesn’t want NJ to ‘go home’, it wants NJ to come to Japan for the Olympics and go home wowed. Well, they will be ‘wowed’, but not in the way GOJ is hoping.

      Reply
    • Loverilakkuma says:

      I just came up with another dumb excuse by those who would love to pull that kind of anti-NJ stunt:

      >”We accidentally pick up these cuss words cuz we are a big fan of Rob Zombie, and we love to sell out coolness like him. We didn’t know the actual meaning of these words. So we are not racists, right!?”

      I guess the best way to fix their problem is …, well, let these ignorants be eaten alive in their own land.

      Reply
  • Baudrillard says:

    HI Debito, I read the article at the Japan Times link above and noticed you concluded with ” I would never advocate that people pull the signs down quietly in the middle of the night. Never ever.””

    I used to do this- pull down the signs at night. Just want to know why I shouldn’t have. The signs used to come back up again, and then I would pull them down, so I guess I was making work for the offending shopkeeper and so why not?

    — Because the censors at the JT said I could not look like I was advocating this. Switch on your sarcasm filter.

    Reply
  • Jim Di Griz says:

    So I was just being told that JT has been sold 100% to a Japanese marketing company.
    That’ll be the end of Japan’s oldest English language newspaper then. I will be sorry to see it go, but I think it deserves putting down.
    Whilst articles by Hoffman, Pesek, Kingston, Brasor, and Dr. Debito have always been great for saying the things that Japanese journalists are too afraid to say, the JT is filled with ‘news’ about other countries (overwhelmingly, but not exclusively the U.S.) in a misguided attempt to ‘give NJ what they want’ (i.e. give white American English teachers in Japan what JT thinks they want), whilst at the same time patronizing readers with a ‘the west is just as bad, even worse, than Japan’ attitude. In addition, ‘moderation’ of the comments sections is an oxymoron which sees balanced people not bother to comment in the face of racist right-wing trolling and flaming to an extent that would be criminal in a country with real hate-speech and discrimination laws, whilst JT also allows that one Japanese guy (can’t remember his name; Haruki….?) to post a regular right-wing revisionist, Japanese war crimes denying column from the mainland USA.
    In the final analysis, the demise of JT is symptomatic of the declining international relevance of Abe’s Japan. Good riddance.

    Reply
  • Jim Di Griz says:

    Priceless!
    Abe’s LDP envoy to South Korea to improve relations under the new administration tells a gathering of South Korean politicians to ‘exterminate’ Koreans seeking to disrupt the ‘comfort women’ deal.
    South Korean government advises him to ‘speak cautiously’ on the issue.
    Cue outrageous indignation from Suga in 3, 2, 1…

    http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/06/12/national/south-korea-urges-japan-cautious-commenting-comfort-women-issue/

    Reply
    • Jim Di Griz says:

      A report on Japan Today quotes this LDP guy as saying;
      ‘Those plotting schemes should be eradicated’.

      https://japantoday.com/category/politics/s.korea-says-japan-should-be-careful-over-reported-remarks-on-'comfort-women

      It’s a really telling incident;
      The most ‘diplomatic’ and ‘sensitive’ LDP politician Abe could find to carry out his will, goes to Korea and starts acting like a brown shirt, accusing Koreans of conspiracies (gasp!) and telling Korean politicians to ‘eliminate/eradicate’ these people.

      If this is how the LDP thinks it is appropriate to even talk about ‘conspiracies’ in a foreign country, how badly do you think that they will act on what they see as ‘conspiracies’ in Japan? These people are mentally unstable.

      Reply
  • Don’t you just love the “unique” Japanese way of doing business:

    “Takata shares suspended ahead of expected bankruptcy…..In January, Takata agreed to pay $1bn in penalties in the US for concealing dangerous defects in its exploding airbags. It also pleaded guilty to a single criminal charge….” *

    Time and time again…cover up after cover up until some external company/country identifies the major flaws…..makes Trump look squeaky clean!!

    * http://www.bbc.com/news/business-40298169

    Reply
  • Anonymous says:

    Thank you Jim, for all your honest, important, enjoyable posts so far.

    I hope to still see your posts continue, but understand if not possible.

    Either way, I am grateful for your years of posts, and hope you fare well. 🙂

    Reply
  • Loverilakkuma says:

    We just saw the collapse of Suga saga and LDP lapdogs amidst an ugly kake-gakuen scandal. Cabinet secretary Yoshihide Suga ate dirt as his attempt to discredit Cabinet Office’s internal memo to the MEXT(a.k.a. Abe’s intent) failed miserably. He tried to disprove the existence of memo itself by framing it as a made-up by an ex-MEXT bureau Maekawa(calling it ‘kaibunsho’ phony document), and Abe’s aides affirmed that the letter was real. One of those was Kozo Yamamoto, Minister of Regional Economic Reform, who said that he was the one ordering the revision of letter that was to be sent to the MEXT. That was this past Thursday. And the next day(Friday), this same man stood up during DPJ’s Q&A session and made a completely opposite statement. He took back his previous statement and flip-flopped, saying “it was all made by someone in the MEXT[which he refers to Maekawa].”

    His behavior highlights LDP lapdogs’ fundamental problem with accountability–especially a fallacious logic to equalize with 説明責任 in Japanese. And the DPJ’s dogged effort to ask Suga to recant his ”怪文書” remark. That’s totally unnecessary since MEXT’s investigation and Abe’s two aides testimonies proved Suga wrong about the invalidity of the memo. They should have spent more time focusing on the core issue–rather than scattering around his ridiculous comment. They just missed their great opportunity due to their horrible argumentation and accountability strategy.

    Reply

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>