THE NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY'S
"NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF POLICE SCIENCE"
AND ITS "GENETIC RACIAL PROFILING"
CRIME PREVENTION RESEARCH
www.debito.org
THE
NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY'S
"NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF POLICE SCIENCE"
AND ITS "GENETIC RACIAL PROFILING"
CRIME PREVENTION RESEARCH
By Arudou Debito (debito@debito.org)
January 5, 2004 (freely forwardable)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
------------------------------------------
The National Research Institute of Police Science (NRIPS), a
branch of Japan's
National Police Agency, has on its website (http://www.nrips.go.jp)
a policy proposal to create a crime "index" of "foreignness"
in its forensic science. An attempt to foil allegedly rampant foreign
crime, NRIPS
claims that it can test minute samples of blood and semen from crime
scenes to determine
the nationality of the perpetrator. However, their science is faulty by
assuming
that "Japaneseness" is a matter of race--expressly stating that
Japanese
DNA is racially and biologically "different". In fact, Japan's gene
pool
has historical traces of Korean, Chinese, Ainu, Ryukyuan, Brazilian,
Peruvian etc.
in it, not including the children of 40,000 international marriages per
annum and
300,000 naturalized citizens since 1968. Therefore, this test may say
something about
the "racial background" of the suspect, but it cannot determine the
presence
or absence of Japanese nationality.
While snake-oil science like this should amount to no more than
snickers for putting
one over on the taxpayer yet again (Japan already has DNA tests, making
the 21 million
yen requested for this policy an utter waste), this proposal is not a
harmless white
elephant. It may misconstrue data, at the expense of Japan's
international minorities.
"False positives" (i.e. test results indicating that racially-diverse
Japanese
suspects are "foreign") could erroneously inflate the "foreign crime
rate", further fueling Japan's current scapegoating of foreigners as
criminals.
The social irresponsibility of the National Police Agency must be
pointed out for
what it is--racism--by proposing social policy, using race as an
analytical paradigm,
based on faulty concepts and fallacious attributions.
------------------------------------------
THE TEXT OF THIS POLICY, WITH CRITIQUE
The following policy proposal is from the official NRIPS site (http://www.nrips.go.jp/evaluation/H13/link10.html,
or else click here for
a scanned printout version
if the NPA has decided to remove the text from their site). Although
there is a mirror
site in English (http://www.npa.go.jp/english/index.htm),
there is no English translation whatsoever of policy proposals or
recent works (http://www.nrips.go.jp/evaluation/index.html)
What follows is my translation of the policy proposal in question, with
comments
interjected.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NRIPS WRITES:
TITLE OF POLICY:
"The Development of an Index using
Biological Materials for use in Investigating Foreign Crime"
(gaikokujin hanzai
o kyuumei suru tame no seitai shiryou o mochiita shihyou no kaihatsu)
OUTLINE OF POLICY: In our country (wagakuni), with the advent of
economic and social
internationalization, there has been a rapid rise (kyuuzou) in heinous
crimes (kyouaku
hanzai) connected to foreigners coming to Japan. There has likewise
been a huge increase
in social insecurity (shakai fuan) in citizen (shimin) lifestyles both
in Tokyo and
across the nation. [text continues below]
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
MY COMMENT:
Right from the get-go are the canards and assumptions. Why
are "internationalization"
and "heinous crimes" thus inexorably linked by our boys in blue? Is an
assumption so easily made that more foreigners means a rise in the
crime rate?
Of course, logically speaking, more people means more crime--as there
are crooks
in any crowd. However, when one talks about incidents of crime, numbers
have been
going up for both Japanese and foreigners (cf NPA crime stats for
January-July 2003,
http://www.npa.go.jp).
Moreover, since the foreign
population has been growing more rapidly than the Japanese, the
comparative crime
RATE for foreigners has been relatively static--in many crime
categories lower than
the Japanese. Even for crimes classified as "heinous" (kyouaku), such
as
mugging (goutou, down 5.4%) and breaking-and-entering (shin'nyuu
goutou, down 24.1%),
it is dropping (ibid). In any case, depending on how you choose to
calculate the
rate (see statistical problems with the data set at http://www.debito.org/crimestats.html),
between 96% and 99% of all non-visa-related crimes in Japan are
committed by Japanese.
So why focus on the foreigners? Because fear loosens public
pursestrings and justifies
budgetary outlay. It also gives the NPA an excuse for their
unprecedently low clearance
rate (around 20%) of crimes: "We can't help it, because hordes of
unpredictable
new foreigners are doing it"--an excuse made by even the highest levels
of local
government (Tokyo Gov Ishihara, Japan Times, Dec 31, 2003).
Referential sites:
http://www.debito.org/crimestats.html
http://www.debito.org/ishiharahikokusaika.html
http://www.debito.org/foreigncrimeputsch.html
http://www.debito.org/worldcup2002.html
Japan Times Dec 31, 2003 article:
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20031231b3.htm
Something so easily forgotten, when vilifying both foreigners and the
process of
internationalization, is that lots of people want "kokusaika". For
example,
why are there suddenly so many Nikkei Brazilians and Peruvians in
Japan? (They are
now the second-biggest foreign minority in Japan, comprising
double-digit population
percentages in some towns in Aichi, Gifu, and Shizuoka Prefectures.)
Because Japanese
government policy in the 1990's brought them here--as laborers for
major factories
like Toyota and Yamaha (which could pay foreign laborers much less than
Japanese,
as well as avoid legal requirements for social security and other
costly benefits
guaranteed all Japanese full-time workers).
Also, studies by both the UN and the Prime Minister's office in 2000 (http://www.debito.org/A.html)
have stressed the need for more foreign influx, indicating that
immigration will
keep Japan's welfare systems afloat in the world's fastest-aging
society. For an
institution as powerful and supposedly venerable as the National Police
Agency to
allege and stress only the negative aspects of internationalization, is
not mere
irresponsibility. It is both an inaccurate and prejudiced portrayal of
social trends.
Back to the policy proposal:
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NRIPS CONTINUES:
With a criminal
environment like this, the development
of an index giving us a lead on whether or not a crime has been
commited by a foreigner
or not is being demanded (motomerareteiru).
[continues below]
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
MY COMMENT:
And who, pray tell, is "demanding" this? What people are in fact
"demanding"
are safe streets and crime prevention. Not foreigner prevention.
Criminality and
foreignness are unrelated, and the abovementioned statistics support
this.
"Anti-crime" policy pushes are fine, and indeed are arguably necessary
in present-day Japan. "Anti-foreign" crime pushes alone are not. They
miss
the target. It is time the NPA and its budgeteers realize that the
problem is not
so much due to an influx of outsiders. It is more due to years of
economic funk contributing
to social insecurity and a steady breakdown in Japan's social order.
Let's be honest: the "people" actually "demanding" this index
this are the Tokyo Governor, the NPA, and the Immigration Bureau (which
this year,
according to the JCLU,
released a "Joint
Statement on Strengthening Policy against Illegal Aliens in the Capital
City Tokyo"
(shuto toukyou ni okeru fuhou taizai gaikokujin taisaku no kyouka ni
kansuru kyoudou
sengen)) for political and budgetary reasons.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NRIPS CONTINUES:
Foreigners have a
wide variety of characteristic melanin
proteins that are different than Japanese, which can be found in
bloodstains and
bodily fluids left at the scene of the crime. This is why we will
develop an index
which reveals, even in minute traces of organic material, the special
characteristics
of foreigners, in order to make heads or tails of things (suitei) in
ways we never
could before. [continues below]
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
MY COMMENT:
First of all, there are already means available for DNA testing in
Japanese forensics,
so even if the scientific claims here of Japanese genetic uniqueness
were valid,
this does not clearly justify more budgetary outlay for overlapping
programs.
But the science behind this "racial profiling" is bogus. Japan has a
long
history of mixed DNA--from Koreans, Chinese, Ainu, and Ryukyuans (John
Lie, MULTIETHNIC
JAPAN, 2001). Plus as noted above, there are now hundreds of thousands
of Nikkei
residents with DNA from South America (even those with "pure Japanese
DNA"
will incorrectly register as "Japanese", despite being foreign). Then
factor
in decades of international marriages (recently over 40,000 couples
domestically
per annum), leaving traces of "foreignness" in Japanese children from
practically
every country in the world. And don't forget those 300,000 people who,
according
to the Minstry of Justice, have naturalized since 1968. The author, one
of them,
would definitely test positive not just as "Caucasian", but also as
erroneously
"foreign" under NPA rubric.
Thus the police are making the fatal mistake of assuming Japanese
citizenship is
a matter of race. They are ignoring recent worldwide DNA tracking and
human genome
work which is showing that no country in the world is genetically
"pure".
This is not science. This is -- even under the strictest definitions
possible --
racism.
Speaking of definitions, the very concept of "race" itself is these
days
being called into question. Cf. premier scientific journal Scientific
American article,
December 2003:
"Does Race Exist? If races are defined as genetically discrete groups,
no. But
researchers can use some genetic information to group individuals into
clusters with
medical relevance."
http://www.scientificamerican.com/
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=00055DC8-3BAA-1FA8-BBAA83414B7F0000&ref=sciam&chanID=sa006
That's right: individual clusters for medical purposes. Not nationality
purposes.
But even then, Scientific American is making clear that race is a
matter of trend
and tendency, not of groups definable with any statistical significance.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NRIPS CONTINUES:
THE PURPOSE AND
INTENTION OF THIS POLICY:
In our country (wagakuni), crimes by foreigners coming to Japan are
rising in recent
years. This policy aims to swiftly clear heinous crimes which
foreigners are thought
to have had a hand in. Because it will greatly contribute to securing
public safety
as well as safety in the livelihoods of Japanese citizens (kokumin),
development
of this research will come under the "Restoration of Livelihoods
Program"
(seikatsu ishin puroguramu) in the "Seven Reforms Program" (nanatsu no
kaikaku puroguramu), raised within our "Basic Aims" (kihon houshin). It
will fall under the goal of "securing public peace and safety for
Japanese citizens
(kokumin), and securing a society where people can be reassured of
making a living"
(anshin shite kuraseru shakai) [continues below]
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
MY COMMENT:
Y'know, when it comes to vehement gaijin bashing, I think this ranks in
the top ten
of statements I've ever read. And it was written not by some right-wing
extremist
group, but by our police forces.
Let's leave aside the canard that foreign crime is rising. Feast on the
fascinating
rhetoric: "our country" (doesn't it belong to the foreign residents and
taxpayers too?); "kokumin" (don't foreigners also deserve police
protection
from crime?); the overall tone of how foreigners are harming Japan by
undermining
security and the means for citizens to make a living.
Most wince-inducing is the choice of words for the "Seikatsu Ishin"
Program.
Note that this is the same "ishin" used for the Meiji Restoration
(Meiji
Ishin). As though Japan is now believing in false gods and "true
lifestyles"
must be "restored". Quite an ambitious policy for some cops holed up in
a think tank. Perhaps they hail from Satsuma.
I may be reading too much into mere slogans, but indulge me a minute.
It is redolent
of what happened the day I naturalized, which to me is indicative of
some police
attitudes. Excerpted from a report I released on October 26, 2000: (http://www.debito.org/kikaupdate5.html)
-------------------------------------------------
A VISIT FROM JAPAN'S SECRET POLICE
It was October 11, 2000. I was waiting for my citizenship papers to be
processed
at the Nanporo, Hokkaido, Town Hall when my cellphone sounded. It was
my wife, saying:
"We've got some police over at our front door. They want to talk to
you."
"What about?" She wasn't sure. "Okay, don't let them in. They want
to talk, they can come here and meet me in the lobby. I'm just sitting
here writing
essays."
Five minutes later two cops sat down next to me for a chat.
COPS: "Arudou-san, we read in the papers that you have become a
Japanese citizen.
Congratulations."
DEBITO: "Papers? You mean newspapers? My name has been in the press?"
COPS: "Actually, what we mean is that we saw your name in internal
documents
and have been reading about your activities in the media. Otaru Onsens
and all that."
DEBITO: "Do you guys have a meishi?"
They quickly brought out ID. They were the Houmushou Hokkaido Kouan
Chousa Kyoku
(Ministry of Justice Hokkaido Public Safety Survey Bureau). Who? The
Kouan are a
part of the police force with secret budgets (which do not have to be
revealed, explained,
or justified to the public), secret duties (people aren't really sure
exactly what
they do), and powers to spy on potential troublemakers (such as Aum or
the Russians),
keeping tabs on suspects who still retain freedom of movement (more
evidence
at http://www.debito.org/kikaupdate5.html)
DEBITO: "So what do you want from me?"
COPS: "Two things. First, we have been told that you have received
menacing
phone calls at home. People calling in the middle of the night and
hanging up, repeated
redialings, people punching phone buttons for several minutes at the
other end, etc,
right?"
DEBITO (wondering how they knew all that): "Yes, that's right.
Sometimes every
day for a couple of weeks. They've tapered off a bit, but I expect them
to pick up
again sooner or later."
COPS: "Well, now that you are a Japanese citizen, we want this
harassment to
stop. We would like more details if possible."
DEBITO: "Then talk to my wife; she takes the calls. And the other
thing?"
COPS: "We would also like to know about illegal aliens (fuhou
gaikokujin). As
you know, their numbers have been increasing recently thanks to
overstayers and smuggling
organizations like Snake Head, and it is our job to keep them under
administrative
guidance. Would you happen to know the whereabouts of any?"
DEBITO: "Nope."
-------------------------------------------------
I was not lying, of course--for how many illegal Chinese would I know
up in Hokkaido,
where the foreign population is far below the national average? Anyway,
the point
I'm getting at is the very day I became a Japanese citizen, the Kouan
expressly believed
it was now within their mandate to protect my rights. As if not so
beforehand. And
this attitude shines through in this NRIPS policy proposal.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
NRIPS CONCLUDES:
THE NECESSITY OF THIS POLICY:
This policy is related to the "Nanotechnology Field" drawn up under the
"Strategy Prioritizing Scientific Technology" (kagaku gijutsu no
senryaku
teki juutenka) by the General Scientific Strategy Council. It is
essential for realizing
the "Country where Safe and Secure High-Quality Lifestyles are
Possible"
goal raised under the "Scientific Strategy Basic Plan".
BUDGET:
Requested for FY 2002: 21,738,000 yen.
RESULTS ETC:
Thanks to the development of an index which will reveal the varied
organic materials
which are different from Japanese, we expect that this policy will
contribute to
making the investigation and clearance of crimes committed by
foreigners much easier
and shorter, and be useful in securing peaceful and safe livelihoods
for Japanese
citizens (kokumin). [ENDS]
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
I CONCLUDE:
No it won't. It may even have the opposite effect. At best, this test
will give incorrect
results (thanks to the "false positives" of some Japanese of mixed
descent
testing as "foreigners", and vice versa) based upon false racial
presumptions
concerning the Japanese gene pool.
At worst, it may erroneously attribute more unsolved crimes to
"foreigners",
making the alleged "foreign crime rate" go up even further. Thus
translating
to even more tax monies being thrown at snake-oil solutions such as
these.
All this to help with crime prevention? How about allocating the 21
million yen to
some social program for people in need, and indirectly alleviate more
crime that
way?
Alas, that's not what pays policemen's salaries.
Arudou Debito
Sapporo
http://www.debito.org
January 5, 2004
ENDS
RESPONSE FROM THE NRIPS
Hi all again. Just heard that the National Research Institute
of Police Science
(NRIPS, <http://www.nrips.go.jp/>)
has
responded to my Japan Times article of January 13, 2004 (see <http://www.debito.org/japantimes011304.html>)
exposing their policies for DNA racial profiling.
Here you go. Quick comment follows.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Forensic tools no cause for bias
Japan Times, Sunday, February 8, 2004
Courtesy http://www.japantimes.co.jp/ric.htm
My colleagues and I would like to comment on the Jan. 13 article
"Forensic science
fiction," which criticizes what writer Debito Arudou says is our
proposed policy
to create "an index of foreignness" in forensic science. We believe the
writer incorrectly assumes that our efforts are aimed at
"gaijin-bashing"
or "loosening public purse strings" for an overlapping program by
instilling
fear of foreigners.
With the globalization and diversification of crimes, a study to
swiftly narrow down
possible identities of unidentified victims and/or offenders is a very
important
method in criminal investigations. Besides screening persons connected
with the crime
by conventional methods, we are aiming to develop new analytical tools
using human
biological specimens.
Even if DNA typing of an unidentified victim or offender has been
performed using
a bloodstain at the crime scene, it will remain impossible to promptly
determine
the DNA type without candidates to check it against. So, if it is
possible to estimate
the geographic area where an unidentified victim or offender was born,
an identity
will be narrowed down; as a result, a more rapid solution of the case
can be expected.
This study is not about carrying out racial discrimination.
T. TSUDA
National Research Institute of Police Science
Tokyo
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
LETTER ENDS
COMMENT: The English-language press in Japan is
small (no offense, Japan Times),
with negligible effect on domestic affairs. So you know you've struck a
nerve when
a domestic organization beholden to few, such as the Japanese Police
Agency, is concerned
enough about its image to bother to translate, read, and publicly
respond to an article
in the English press.
Clearly an embarrassment. They never expected the gaijin to be able to
read and critique
their policy pages, I guess. Good morning.
Now will they ever learn? The NRIPS still clings to the belief above
that DNA is
determined by birthplace ("to estimate the geographic area where an
unidentified
victim or offender was born"). They need another wake-up call about
just how
genetically diverse Japan actually is. Clearly my Jan
13, 2004 Japan Times article did not serve.
Arudou Debito
Sapporo
February 10, 2004
ENDS
www.debito.org
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ｭ・・Aｭｱｭ政ｩｭ最鯔wﾔxﾚ@ﾔﾛﾑｺｶﾉｭ擎TｰCｰgｭﾝｶo綉ｭΟｵｭ・皙B
http://www.nrips.go.jp/evaluation/index.html
ｪu纜ﾉOﾙﾎﾆl莪ﾙｧｭ﨔ﾅ遲π・ﾃｭ皴鹿ｸｭｧｭ枻Vｭｵｭ｢ﾔﾄﾙ・wｭ栁J菻 ｪv
http://www.nrips.go.jp/evaluation/H13/link10.htmlｪiｭ
渥ｵ胯ﾑく・ｱｭ擎eｰLｰXｰgｭﾝ絮ﾑﾚｭｵｭｸｭ根Aｭくﾛｭｹﾃ
麟洒ｵｭｰXｰLｰｰｰ罸ﾒｭ政ｸｰoｪ[ｰVｰｽｰ罸ﾝｰNｰﾉｰbｰNｭｵｭﾅｼｭﾒｭ｢ｪjｭｮｭ｢ｭﾛｰﾉｰ羃Nｭｩｭ魂
eｰLｰXｰgｭﾝﾚｯｭ少ｪAｭｱｭ政ｩｭ痕ﾈｭ政ｹｭ政橳xﾚ@簔ｭ淸ﾐﾎzｭΟ蟄｢ｭｰRｰｪｰ羃gｭﾝｭ｢ｭｸｭｵｭ・
皙B
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ﾅ鯔wﾔxﾚ@ﾔﾛﾑｺｶﾉｭ擎TｰCｰgｭ
ｾｭ少瀇ｦｪF
ﾚ{ﾙ勵煜ｹｶ憘@ﾉOﾙﾎﾆl莪ﾙｧｭﾝﾑｺｭ皴鹿ｸｭｧｭ枻ｦﾎ汜ﾚｭﾝｭ｢ｭｸﾚwｭ栁J菻
ﾚ{ﾙ勵栁T
ｪ@ﾅ姦ｻﾙﾎｭΟｬｭ｢ｭｭ・Aﾔoﾙ・IｪAﾚﾜﾅ輔Iｭ鰮ﾎﾙﾈｭΟｮｭ渥鬲｢ｪA纜ﾉOﾙ
ﾎﾆlｭｻﾔWｭ眺紗ｴﾃﾇ莪ﾙｧﾚｶｭｻﾑ}ﾎｭｵｪA縱ﾚsｪA穗ｭλ・眺痕・sﾆｦﾉﾃｭ昮強&
amp;
amp;
exist;遣ﾇｭ鰛ﾜﾅ呆sﾃﾋｭｻﾎﾎ遣ｵｭｭ｢ｭ蒔Bｪiｭ蟄ﾌｭﾐｪj
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ｪ@耻ｭｾｭ床Rｰｪｰ羃gｪF菻
ﾎﾇｭｵｭｭｩｭ痕ｱｭ汜{ﾙ勵・娯_ｭ鯰z竢ｭﾝｭ｢ｭｭ｢ｭ・皙Bﾔxﾚ@簔ｭ・uﾙﾎﾙﾈｪvｭｮｪuﾑｴﾃﾇ莪ﾙｧﾚｶｪvｭﾝﾉ・Aｭ
ﾒｭﾕｭｭ｢ｭ・皙Bｭ鬲ｼｪuﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｪvｭｻｭ鹿ｮ莪ﾙｧｭ樰}ﾎｭ井ｼｭﾛｭｮﾚvｭ眺政・皴ｩｪBｭ渥ﾀｭ俗蓑Aｭ｢ｭﾛｭ・・渥鬲ﾐﾎ
姑ｬｭ涬ｺｭΟ・ｮﾆlｭｮｭ鬲屡lｭ渥｢ｭ鹿・ｵｭ遣ﾛｪBｭｵｭｸｭｻｭ遲ﾆlﾔ椚ｻﾎｭﾏｭ鹿ｮ莪ﾙｧｭ﨔ﾙﾔｶﾆ莚
ｻﾎｭﾏｭ鹿揵・lｭﾏｭｭ渥｢ｭ｢ｭｩｭ渥ｵｭ政・ﾕｭ蓑BｭｻｪAｭ鬲ｼ莪ﾆlｭｮｭｵｭｪu纜ﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｪvｭﾝｶ√
_ｭｵｭ鬲政・鬲少・ﾕｭ妙ｩｪBﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭ・ｸﾑ・ｾｭ丈ｮﾙｧｭﾝﾑNｭ眷裝\ﾆﾇｭｻﾙｭｭ｢ｭｮｭ｢ｭﾛｭ眺・ｵｭ遣ﾛｭｩｪBｭｱｭ汜
{ﾆ ｭ≫ｵｭ｢ﾔｩｭﾝｶ皴ｵｭｭ｢ｭ鹿ｮﾉｫｭｦｭｫｭ鹿ﾝ羇ｭ鬲ﾐﾚvｭ｢ｭ・皙B
ｪ@ｭ政ｭ｢ｭ鬲｢ｭｱｭｮｭ・ﾃ纜ﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭｮﾃ・姦ｻﾙﾎｭΟｮｭ遲ﾅ袂ｽｭ・皙B耙ﾚｮｭｵｭｪA
膽ﾆ∠ｮｭｵｭｪAﾙｭﾅﾈﾚﾜﾅ墳ﾝﾃｭ皴鹿ｱｭｮｭｮｭ鬲宵Aﾔxﾚ@簔ｭｻﾃﾇｭﾐｰCｰｪｪ[ｰWｭｵｭｭ｢ｭ蒔uﾙﾎ
ﾙﾈｪvｭ・ﾜﾅ輔IｭΟ｢ｭ｢ｭｱｭｮｭ・ﾊｭ鹿ｮﾆFｪXｭ鯰ｹｭ橳壹Iｭ宛ｴｭﾏｭｭ｢ｭ・皙Bｭﾏｭ・A纉ｰ
AｰｪｰﾉｰJｭｩｭ桜ﾃ纜ｭｵｭｸ纜ﾔnﾆlｭ・戀{ﾆﾐｭｻﾉｩｭｧｭｸﾚYﾑｮ耙ﾎﾇｭ﨔・勵ｩｭ痕・ﾊｭ宵Aﾉ會ﾔﾔ､ｪAﾃﾛ穃ﾔ､ｪA
ﾆﾌﾅｻﾔ､脣ｭΟｮｭ遲ﾚﾜﾅ輔Iｭηvｭｻｭﾊｭ遲ｸｭε・｢ｭ・ﾕｭ蓑Bｭｾｭ
遲ｭｱｭ汜{ﾙ勵ｻｪuﾚﾜﾅ呆sﾃﾋｭｻﾎﾎ謙vｭ栁・_ｭｩｭ堺ﾐﾎﾇｭ皴鹿ｮﾉ擯λ・_ｭ・ﾜﾚ譲ﾚｭﾀｭ・皙B
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ﾅ鯔wﾔxﾚ@ﾔﾛﾑｺｶﾉｪF
ｪ@ｭｱｭ揵ｾｭﾛｭ鱠ｮﾙｧｶ犯ｬｭ涬ｺｭ↑Aﾚｶｭ・戀{ﾆlﾃ鯔Oｭ栁Oﾙﾎﾆlｭｻﾉ・Wｭ皴鹿ｩ蔘ｭｩｭﾝﾆｳ竢ｭ皴尺
wｭ栁J菻ｭｻﾑｪｭｧｭ痕政ｭ｢ｭ蒔Bｪiｭ蟄ﾌｭﾐｪj
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ｪ@耻ｭｾｭ床Rｰｪｰ羃gｪFｭ
く鬲ｸｭｻﾑｪｭｧｭ痕政ｭ｢ｭ・皴ｩｪBﾑｪｭｧｭ痕政ｭ｢ｭ鹿揵・ﾋﾎSｭｮﾚﾁﾃﾋｭﾝﾉmｭ昮強・煜h莪ｭｲｭｮﾚvｭ｢ｭ・皙B莪ﾙｧﾚ・
ﾎﾆﾜｭｮﾉ・Wｭ・皙B・ﾔv紵ｭΟ渥ﾈｭﾛｭ・皙Bｭく氿ﾎ繹莪ﾙｧｪiﾔﾄﾑ翦莚ｮﾆlﾃ嵌茗jｭ・戀{ﾆlｭ
Οｾｭ遲ﾑNｭﾒｭ政ｭ｢ｭ・皙Bﾑ}ﾎｭｵｭｭ｢ｭ鹿揵・戀{ﾆlｭΟｾｭ惹ｮﾙｧｭ・皙BﾚQﾙ
lｭΟ鬲鴫TｰCｰgｭ・BR>
http://www.debito.org/crimestats.html
http://www.debito.org/ishiharahikokusaika.html
http://www.debito.org/futouhanzaitaisaku.html
ｪ@ｪu莪ﾙｧﾎ・飭vｭﾝﾙ揵遲ｭ渥｢ｭ｢ｭｻｪAｪuﾉOﾙﾎﾆlﾎ・飭vｭ・IﾉOｭ政・皙Bﾔoﾙ・oｰuｰﾑﾅ琳喬Aｶ\ﾆ蒿Nｭ瀇sﾑｵｭ
淏戀{ｭ・・ﾜﾅ輔IｭΟくﾛｭ眺鹿ｩｭ・[ｭ・cﾃﾂｭﾒｭ政ｭ｢ｭ鬲｢ｭｻｪAﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭﾝｰXｰPｪ[ｰvｰSｪ
[ｰgｭΟ皴ﾗｭｩｭ痕・・皙B
ｪ@ｭ・Aｭｱｭ汜wｭ栁J菻ｭﾝﾑｪｭｧｭｭ｢ｭ鹿揵・ﾔﾑsｪEﾔxﾚﾑ簔ｪEｶ鱚ﾔﾑ渟ﾎﾉ・ﾑく・皙B胯ﾑく・ﾁ膀ｪuﾚ悶s耿ﾑ
Οｬｭ酒sﾎｯﾙ ﾉOﾙﾎﾆlﾎ・勵樰ﾐﾅﾈｭλ・皴紗ﾛ脛ﾆ車ｲｪvｭﾝ菻
ﾙsｭｵｪAｭｱｭ政ｩｭ最鯔wﾔxﾚ@ﾔﾛﾑｺｶﾉｭ・ｩｭ煆\ﾚZｭﾝﾆﾒ胯ﾅﾈｭ皴鹿ｸｭｧｭΟｱｭﾛﾑｪｭｧｭｸｭｮ
ﾚvｭ｢ｭ・皙B
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ﾅ鯔wﾔxﾚ@ﾔﾛﾑｺｶﾉｪF
ｪ@ｭﾈｭｱｭ↑Aﾔﾈｶ政・cｭﾒｭ政ｸﾔﾔﾙﾐｭ火杦tｭ鬲くｩｭ痕ｱｭ政痕揵ｱｭｮｭﾝﾆｳ竢ｭ皴鹿ｸｭｧｭΜ
Aｭｱｭ政・・ﾄｶo脛竢ｭﾒｭ政ｭ｢ｭ鬲ｩｭ遲ｸｪA纜ﾆlｭｮｭ・鬲斜ｸﾆﾇｭﾝｭ渥ｸｭ痕ｵｭｭ｢ｭ弱銷Lｭ枻Fﾎf秡葢ﾚﾀｭ鬲く憘A葷
ｭ鯣ｦﾎ瀇ｬﾚﾀｭｩｭ宰Oﾙﾎﾆlｭ淏酥ﾇｭﾝﾔﾈｭ瞽wｭﾝﾉJ菻ｭ皴蒔Bｭﾒｭ痕ΜAﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭ淏酥ﾇｭﾝﾔﾈｭ眸ｦﾎ瀇ｬ
ﾚﾀｭﾝﾚwｭΟｵｭｪAｰiｰmﾆ・ﾄﾙ・@ｭﾝﾉJ菻ｭｵｪAﾑｴﾃﾇﾚｶ脣ｭ栁・Wﾚｻ纜ﾆlｭ・ﾊｭ鹿ｩ
蔘ｭｩｭﾝﾆｳ竢ｭ皴鹿ｱｭｮｭΟｾｭ宵Aﾚｶｭ﨔ｪﾉ愬ﾝﾔﾃｭ・vﾔ｣ｭｵｪAﾙﾎﾆｦﾉﾃｭ朎ﾋﾎSﾑyｭ・ﾁﾃﾋｭ
栁mｭλ薮^ｭｵｭｾｭﾛｭｮｭ皴鹿渥揵・ﾊｭ蒔Bｪiｭ蟄ﾌｭﾐｪj
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ｪ@耻ｭｾｭ床Rｰｪｰ羃gｪFｪw
纜ﾆlｭｮｭ・鬲斜ｸﾆﾇｭﾝｭ渥ｸｭ痕ｵｭｭ｢ｭ弱銷Lｭ枻Fﾎf秡葢ﾚﾀｪxｭ・鯔w紵ｭ・sﾆ^ﾚﾋｭ・皙Bﾉ擯・戀{ﾆlｭ涬`葢ﾚ
ﾀｭ・ｯﾙﾎｪAｰAｰCｰkｪAﾑｷｪA篌ﾙﾎｪA纜ﾔnｰuｰﾅｰWｰﾑｪA纜ﾔnｰyｰﾑｪ[ｪAｰ|ｰﾉｰlｰVｰAｭ鬲く・壑&
amp;
amp;
nbsp;紵ｭ・ｹﾚcｭ少ｮｭｵｭｭﾊｭ少・皙Bｭﾈｭ政・ﾎﾙﾑﾙｴｭ汜qﾑﾄｭｮｭRｭO・ﾆlﾃ鮓強淏戀{ﾆlﾑAﾅﾈﾚ渥｢ｭ・皙Bｭ渥ｵ
ﾑAﾅﾈｭｵｭｸﾚｳｭ涬`葢ﾚﾀｭﾝｰeｰXｰgｭ皴政・Aﾔﾑﾅ豁ｮｭｵｭｪu葢ﾆlｪvｭｩｭ蟐iｭｱｭ擎eｰXｰgｭ擎pｰﾅｰｪｪ[ｰ^ｪ
[ｭ・・jｪwﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｪxｭｮｭｵｭｶoｭ・皙Bﾔxﾚ@簔ｭ﨔O笆ｭ・・鹿↑uﾆlｭ涬`葢ﾚﾀｭｻｶｰﾆﾃｪA綏ｶｮﾎ姑
_ｭｩｭ催接qﾎﾉ總ｭｮｭｵｭ總ﾚ坏ﾒｭ政ｸｪvｭｮﾚvｭ｢ﾙ ｪAﾆ｢ﾉE篌ｭ蓜NAｰgｰﾅｰLｰ羃OｭｮｰQｰmｰ･ﾔﾛ
ﾑｺｭﾝﾚﾑｭｵｭｭ｢ｭ鹿ｾｭﾛｭ・皙B
ｪ@ﾙ・ｧｭ橳ﾛｶC菻ｭΟｾｭ鹿ｮｪAｪwﾆlﾚ潮xｭ・T膂ｭｮｭｵｭﾅvｪX竢ﾑ`ｭｵｭΟ
ﾐｭﾐｭ鬲｢ｭ少蟄蟄ﾊｭ少・皙Bﾆ｢ﾉEﾙ・ｾ禺ｭ杦鯔wﾚGﾚｶｪuScientific
AmericanｪvｪiｭQｭOｭOｭR膀ｭPｭQﾔﾚﾙｺｪjｭ樰LﾚF
http://www.scientificamerican.com/
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=00055DC8-3BAA-1FA8-BBAA83414B7F0000&ref=sciam&chanID=sa006
(English)
Article: "Does Race Exist? If races are defined as genetically
discrete groups,
no. But researchers can use some genetic information to group
individuals into clusters
with medical relevance."
ｪiｪiｪjｪFﾑLﾚFｪwﾆlﾚ潮xｭ・ｦﾙ ｭｵｭ｢ｭ蒔Hｪwﾃ峨`紵菠ｭﾒｭ政ｸｰOｰﾑｪ[ｰvｪxｭｮ竢ﾑ`ｭ
皴政・Aｪwﾆlﾚ潮xｭ・ｦﾙ ｭｵｭ鬲｢ｪBｭ・穐Aﾔﾛﾑｺﾚ・ｸｭ偲峨`紵ｶ避妙ﾝｭ｢ｭ蕉衄lｭﾝﾃ狂pｭ揵ｸｭｧｭ・
Lﾃ霳`ｭΣOｰﾑｪ[ｰvｭﾝﾙ働政蒔Bｪj
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ﾅ鯔wﾔxﾚ@ﾔﾛﾑｺｶﾉｪF
ﾚ{ﾙ勵朎鏆}ｪE紵
ｪ@ﾅ姦ｻﾙﾎｭ・・Aﾑｧ膀ｪA纜ﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭΟｾｭ惹ｮﾙｧｭｻﾎﾅ遲ｵｭｭ｢ｭ蒔Bﾚ{ﾙ勵・AﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭｻ
ﾉ・^ｭｵｭｸｭｮﾚvｭ眺政紗ｴﾃﾇ莪ﾙｧﾚｶｭ﨔ｪﾉ愬ﾝﾔﾃｭﾝ紵ｭｮｭｵｭｸｭ渥揵・ﾊｭ宵Aﾙﾎﾆｦﾉﾃｭ朎ﾋﾎSｭ┓・ﾁﾃﾋﾉ
mｭπ遣ﾇｭﾐﾙvﾔ｣ｭ皴鹿ｱｭｮｭｩｭ根Aｪuﾉ尾{ﾆjｪvｭΩ強｡ｭ痕政ｸｪAｪuｭVｭ蟄杦淤vｰvｰ
ﾙｰOｰﾅｰ･ｪvｭΟｬｭ蒔uﾆｦﾉﾃﾃVｰvｰﾙｰOｰﾅｰ･ｪvｭ憘uﾙﾎｭεﾋﾎSｭｮ
ﾚﾁﾃﾋｭﾝﾉmｭｵｪAﾃﾋﾆSｭｵｭｭ痕ﾕｭ尺ﾜﾅ墳ﾝｶ・皴蒔BｪvｭλY胯ｭ皴舎J菻ﾔﾛﾑｺｭ・ﾊｭ蒔Bｪiｭ
蟄ﾌｭﾐｪj
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ｪ@耻ｭｾｭ床Rｰｪｰ羃gｪF纜
ﾆlﾑyｭ・ﾃ纜ﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭΟｾｭ惹ｮﾙｧｭｻﾎﾅ遲ｵｭｭ｢ｭ蒔Bｭ・穐A莪ﾙｧｭｮﾔvﾚZｭ汜dｭ&
amp;
amp;
Omicron;・ｾｭ鹿ｻｪAｭXｭUｪ罨`ｭXｭXｪ罸淸ｮﾙｧｭ・戀{ﾆlｭ・ｮｭﾒｭ政ｭ｢ｭ・皙Bﾆlﾔ榲脆l胯ｭ少・・A纜ﾆlｭ淸ｮﾙｧ
ｭ瀇椚ｻﾙｭｭ｢ｭ眺・皙Bｶo綉ｭ・A
HREF="http://www.debito.org/crimestats.html">http://www.debito.org/crimestats.htmlｪ
Bｭｱｭ政・uｰKｰCｰWｰ羃oｰbｰVｰ羃Oｪvｭπｨｭ皴鹿渥揵・皙B
ｪ@ｭﾈｭ政ΜAｪuﾃﾋﾆSｭｵｭｭ痕ﾕｭ尺ﾜﾅ墳ﾝｶ・皴蒔vｭ揵・く枻｢ﾉEｭ・因Wｭ・皴ｻｪAｭ鬲ｼｪuｪwﾙﾎｪxｭ
εﾋﾎSｭｮﾚﾁﾃﾋｭ栁mｪvｭﾝｭｱｭｲｭ眺少・皴ｩｪBﾙﾎﾆﾜｭﾝｭ眺・A膽ﾆ・ｵｭｭ｢ｭ叱Zｭ臆Rｰ~ｰｷｰ
jｰeｰBｰｪｰ羃oｪ[ｪiﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｭ伊・ ｪjｭ朎ﾋﾎSｭﾝﾚ痕鹿揵・xﾚ@簔ｭ揵ｬﾚdﾚ・・鬲｢ｭｵｭ遣ﾛｭｩｪB
ｪ@ｭｵｭｩｭ穐Aｭｱｭ憘uﾆｦﾉﾃﾃVｪvｭ・くﾛｭ｢ｭﾛｭｱｭｮｭ・皴ｩｪBｪuﾚﾁﾃVｪvｭｮ脛ｭΜA耻ｭﾝﾉ・・
ﾏｭｸｰjｰbｰ|ｰ罸ﾝﾆﾒｭｵｭ｢耻ｭ・ｧｭﾒｭ鬲政・｢ｭ鬲｢ｭ・ｵｭ遣ﾛｭｩｪBﾙﾎﾙﾈｭ・ｱｭ妙鬲・ﾜﾅ輔Iﾅ溜&
Omicron;鬲遲ｸｭ・ｵｭ遣ﾛｭｩｪBｭﾈｭ政ｮｭ穐A糴ﾚ・Fｶoﾆgｭ・皴ｩｭ隱Bﾔﾑﾙ\ﾆSｭ揵ﾊｭ尺{ﾙ勵・皴隱B
ｪ@ｭｱｭ汜_ｭ∠vｭ｢ｶoｭ皴揵・A纜ｭτAﾅﾈｭｵｭｸｭQｭOｭOｭO膀ｭPｭOﾔﾚｭPｭO纜ｭ・皙B胯
纜ｪA篦ｶ政・霹ﾜ罐ｭｮｶZｭ氿独ﾂｭｵｭｭ渥痕｢ﾔﾝｭﾝﾎ遲ｭ｢ｭ舎・Aﾔ堙ﾋﾉQﾆlｭ・ｳｭ・AｭｵｭｪAｪuﾑAﾅ
ﾈｭｬｭｧｭ・ｮｭﾛｪBﾙ・ｧｪAﾔxﾚ@ｭ・涬跼妙Οｾｭ鹿ｮｪAｶﾂ祟ﾅ眸偬火少揵ﾕｭ｢ｭ¶L耻ｭ
ﾒｭ妙揵ｬﾎ発・・Cｰ^ｰYｰﾅ綸ｭｻﾎｸｭﾐｭﾇｭｭ｢ｭ鹿ｾｭﾛｭ・皙B耻ｭﾒｭ妙・ﾎｭΟ鬲遲ｸｭ揵・ｱｭ政ｩｭ
痕ﾊｭ鬲ｸｭ枻lﾔﾊｭﾝﾚ痕少ｸｭ｢ｭｮﾚvｭ｢ｭ・皙Bｪv(http://www.debito.org/kikaupdate5.html)
(English)
ｪ@ｭｱｭ汜pﾆｬｭΟﾀｭ遣遲ｮｭ政・ｵｭｸｪBｭ渥ｵﾚｳｭｻ纜ﾙﾎｭ・・鬲政・Aﾚｳｭ枻lﾔﾊｭﾝﾚ痕痕鬲｢ｭ
眺Hｭｮﾉｫｭｦｭ・ｵｭｸｪB
ｪ@ｪiｭｮｭｱｭ俗↑A胯纜ｪAｭﾈｭ橳堙ﾋﾉ・ﾄｭΟｱｭﾛｭ｢ｭｸｪFｪu篌ﾙﾎﾆlｭ氿
sｭ・ｻｭｩｭ少・皴ｩｪvｪj
ｪ@ﾆﾒ篁ｭχｲｭﾛｭｮｪAﾔxﾚ@簔ｭ・ｱｭ政ｩｭ宰Oﾙﾎﾆlｭ ｭｸｭ｢ｭ鯣lｭ枻lﾔﾊｭ移痕痕鬲｢ｭ
ｱｭｮｭｻﾆS艘ｭ・皙Bﾚｳｭ伊Oﾔｩｭ揵 ｭ・xﾚ@ﾉΣ^ｪ[ｰQｰeｰBｰ羃Oｭﾒｭ栓s胯竕ﾚ~ﾆ
Eﾚﾀｭﾒｭ政ｸﾔoﾔｱｭ渥ﾊｭ少・皙B(http://www.debito.org/chitosecopcheckpoint.html)
ｭｱｭ政ｩｭ宰・・｢ｭ億皴｢ｰeｰXｰgｭ・峨`紵ｭ・鞍lｭﾝﾎIｭ皴鹿眺・ｵｭ遣ﾛｭｩｪB
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ﾅ鯔wﾔxﾚ@ﾔﾛﾑｺｶﾉｪF
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ﾏｭﾒｭ政ｭ｢ｭ蒔uｰiｰmｰeｰNｰmｰﾙｰWｪ[ｪvｭλ・眺鹿渥揵・ﾊｭ宵Aｪuﾅ鯔wﾑZｶpﾉ尾{ﾔvﾅｾｪvｭ
χfｭ｡ｭ痕政ｭ｢ｭ蒔uﾃﾋﾆSｪEﾃﾋﾎSｭ∠ﾀｭ氿ｭｭ｢ﾆｦﾉﾃｭ揵・ﾇｭ勺ﾎｪvｭ汜ﾋﾔﾈｭ揵ｸｭｧｭ・
Kｭ鰛{ﾙ勵・ﾊｭ蒔B
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菻ｭ皴鹿ｱｭｮｭΟｾｭ宵A纜ﾉOﾙﾎﾆl莪ﾙｧｭχWｭ眺斜{ﾙ・yｭ・ｶﾅﾝﾔﾃｭ煆eﾃﾍﾅﾈｪA禹
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ｪ@耻ｭｾｭ床Rｰｪｰ羃gｪFﾔJｭ
条・ｵｭ・皴ｻｪAｭｱｭ憘u纜ﾆlｭｮｭ・鬲斜ｸﾆﾇｭﾝｶoﾔﾈｭﾒｭﾕｭ屡ｦﾎ瀇ｬﾚﾀｭﾝﾔﾈｭ瞽wｪvｭ・sｭﾀｶ強｡ｭ・皙Bﾅ鯔w
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lﾚ偵Iｪvｭ鴪Wｭｩｭ｢ｭﾝﾔｩｭ蟄鹿ｱｭｮｭ・・ﾇｭ鹿ｩｭ渥ｵｭ政鬲｢ｭｻｪAﾑ^ﾚ・wﾉOﾙﾎﾆlｪxｭ・ﾊｭ鹿ｩｭくﾛｭｩｭ・
ｲｭ｢ﾆｯｭ政鬲｢ｭｱｭｮｭ・皙Bｭｱｭﾛﾚﾋﾚ{ｭ皴鹿ｮﾆ菁妙憘uFalse
PositivesｪvｪiﾑUﾆﾇｪjｭｻ菻ﾆｦｭｵｪAﾔﾈﾚﾋｭﾝ荳ﾅfｭｵｭ鬲｢ｰfｪ[ｰ^ｪ[ｭｻﾎｸｭﾐｭ鬲少・皙B纜ｭ・峨`紵ｭ・
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ｶoｭｪAｪuﾉOﾙﾎﾆl莪ﾙｧｭｻﾑ}ﾎｭｵｭｭ｢ｭ蒔vｭｮｭ鬲ｬｭﾒｭ砦xﾚ@簔ｭ瀇]ｭ煆ﾂｭΟ鬲鹿ｮﾚvｭ
｢ｭ・皙B
ｪ@ｭｬｭ眺少ΜAｭｱｭ氿ﾎﾆ・煜ﾒﾎ贇ﾐｭ｢ｭΟ蟄｢ｭｰRｰｪｰ羃g穽ｭｵｭ・皙F
ｪ@ﾅ姦ｻﾙﾎｭ枻・渥QｭOｭOｭO・ﾅ~ｭ少ﾝｭｱｭ妙魏Cｰ羃`ｰLｭ鰛{ﾙ勵・ﾉｭｦｭ・Aｭ渥遲ｮﾚdﾚ揵鬲｢ｭｩﾑｵｭ∽Yｭ妙・｢ｭ
勺ﾎｭΟｮｭ遲ｰCｰ羃pｰNｰgｭｻｭﾊｭ尺{ﾙ勵Ο皴政・くﾛｭ・ｵｭ遣ﾛｭｩｪBｭ鬲痕・・
IｭΟ因h莪ﾎ・勵ｮｭ鬲鹿ｮﾚvｭ｢ｭ・皙B
ｭｾｭ｢ｭｬ膀ｭﾝｪBｭ・ｸ膀ﾑXｭｵｭﾐｭｬﾉ少｢穽ｭｵｭ・皙B
耻ｪ@ｶoﾆlｪ@糴
debito@debito.org
http://www.debito.org/nihongo.html
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ENDS
