{"id":4898,"date":"2009-11-02T08:12:36","date_gmt":"2009-11-01T23:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.debito.org\/?p=4898"},"modified":"2009-11-02T08:12:36","modified_gmt":"2009-11-01T23:12:36","slug":"asahi-and-mainichi-j-supreme-court-rules-against-nationality-clause-for-employment-in-judiciary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/?p=4898","title":{"rendered":"Asahi and Mainichi: J Supreme Court rules against Nationality Clause for employment in judiciary"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Handbook<\/a>\"\\\"<\/a>\"Foreign<\/a>\"\\\"<\/a>\"\u300c\u30b8\u30e3\u30d1\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u30fb\u30aa\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc\u3000\u5c0f\u6a3d\u5165\u6d74\u62d2\u5426\u554f\u984c\u3068\u4eba\u7a2e\u5dee\u5225\u300d\uff08\u660e\u77f3\u66f8\u5e97\uff09\"<\/a>\"JAPANESE<\/a>\"sourstrawberriesavatar\"<\/a>
\nUPDATES ON TWITTER: arudoudebito<\/p>\n

Hi Blog. \u00a0In probably one of the most important legal decisions all year, the Supreme Court has ruled that the “Nationality Clause<\/a>” (kokuseki joukou<\/em>), often cited as a reason for barring NJ from administrative<\/a> (and often, even stable noncontracted<\/a>) jobs in the public sector, has been scrapped. \u00a0I’m not sure if that means it’s been ruled “unconstitutional”, but the clause in the Mainichi below, (“The citizenship requirement was eliminated because the courts could be seen as denying employment based solely on the question of citizenship,” the court stated.<\/em>) could reasonably be stretched in future cases to say that barring NJ from jobs (currently allowed in places such as firefighting and food preparation, and also in Tokyo Prefecture for nursing<\/a>) should not be permitted. \u00a0That would be excellent news for the long-suffering NJ academics in Japan’s higher-education system of Academic Apartheid<\/a>. \u00a0Let’s hope some professor has the cojones to take it to court. \u00a0(Not me: \u00a0I’m tenured already, thank goodness.) \u00a0Arudou Debito in Sapporo<\/p>\n

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Supreme Court scraps Japanese nationality requirement for legal training
\nTHE ASAHI SHIMBUN 2009\/10\/29, Courtesy HH<\/strong>
\nhttp:\/\/www.asahi.com\/english\/Herald-asahi\/TKY200910290213.html <\/a><\/p>\n

Ending what has long been labeled discriminatory, the Supreme Court has scrapped a clause requiring Japanese nationality among those seeking legal training to start careers in the judiciary.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Non-Japanese who have passed the bar examination have, in fact, undergone legal training, but only under “exceptional” measures and if the Supreme Court deems them “adequate.”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Foreign nationals and officials at the Japan Federation of Bar Associations have said the clause has unfairly shut the door on many non-Japanese and demanded its elimination.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The clause stems from a Cabinet legislation bureau policy that states that Japanese nationality is a prerequisite for those applying for public service work that involves the execution of public power or has a bearing on the formulation of national intention.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

That policy was extended to legal training based on the reasoning that trainees could attend prosecutors’ questioning of suspects or closed-door counsel discussions held by courts.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

A Supreme Court official explained the court decided to “delete any mention that suggests that in principle (non-Japanese) cannot be accepted (for legal training).”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Tokuji Izumi, a lawyer and former Supreme Court justice, said he hopes the move will increase the number of foreign lawyers practicing in Japan and “will help in protecting the rights of foreign nationals.”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Izumi was involved in the top court’s acceptance in 1976 of Kim Kyung Duk, an ethnic Korean born in Japan, for legal training.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Kim had put consistent pressure on the Supreme Court, and became the first non-Japanese to enter legal training in 1977. He went on to become a prominent human rights lawyer in Japan before his death in 2005.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

After lobbying by Kim and others, the Supreme Court agreed to allow “those deemed adequate to attend (legal training),” but it kept the nationality clause.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

In 1990, the top court scrapped its policy of requiring foreign applicants to pledge to abide by the law. The court also widened the scope of those eligible for legal training to include foreign nationals who do not hold permanent residence status.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

But the court still retained the nationality clause.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

According to the Supreme Court, more than 140 foreign nationals who passed the bar examination have attended legal training.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

In applying for legal training, applicants must submit copies of family registries known as koseki. Since foreign nationals do not hold koseki, the Supreme Court will request documents to prove their residency in Japan.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Non-Japanese are also barred from being employed as prosecutors or judges, which are national civil servant jobs.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Foreign nationals who complete legal training can enter the judiciary as lawyers, but they will have to acquire Japanese nationality before working as judges or prosecutors.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The Japan Federation of Bar Associations has also submitted a request that district and family courts accept foreign lawyers as judicial commissioners and mediators “regardless of nationality if they are qualified.”<\/strong><\/em>(IHT\/Asahi: October 29,2009)<\/p>\n

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Supreme Court eliminates Japanese citizenship requirement for articling students
\n(Mainichi Japan) October 30, 2009, Courtesy JK<\/strong>
\nhttp:\/\/mdn.mainichi.jp\/mdnnews\/news\/20091030p2a00m0na012000c.html
\n<\/a>
\n The Supreme Court has eliminated the Japanese citizenship requirement for student articling positions at courts of law.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

“The citizenship requirement was eliminated because the courts could be seen as denying employment based solely on the question of citizenship,” the court stated. The decision will first affect those taking up articling positions in November.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Those who pass the bar exam can go on to become articling students, after which they take a final graduation exam and, if they pass, may become courtroom lawyers, judges and public prosecutors. Until the ruling, Japanese citizenship was a requirement to become an articling student at the court as, in order to prepare for jobs as judges or prosecutors, they studied “the exercise of government power involved in being a civil servant.”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

In 1977, the court created exceptions to the ban on foreigners holding legal positions. Foreigners may not become public prosecutors or judges, which as civil servants must hold Japanese citizenship, but may become courtroom lawyers.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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\n2009\u5e7410\u670829\u65e58\u66421\u5206\u3000\u671d\u65e5\u65b0\u805e
\nhttp:\/\/www.asahi.com\/national\/update\/1029\/TKY200910280425.html<\/a><\/p>\n

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\n\u6bce\u65e5\u65b0\u805e\u30002009\u5e7410\u670829\u65e5
\nhttp:\/\/mainichi.jp\/select\/jiken\/news\/20091030k0000m040086000c.html<\/a>
\n\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u306f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u4fee\u7fd2\u751f\u306e\u63a1\u7528\u9078\u8003\u8981\u9805\u304b\u3089\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u7c4d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u300d\u3068\u306e\u56fd\u7c4d\u6761\u9805\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u3002\u9069\u7528\u306f\u3001\uff11\uff11\u6708\u306b\u53f8\u6cd5\u4fee\u7fd2\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u4eba\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u7c4d\u306e\u53f8\u6cd5\u8a66\u9a13\u5408\u683c\u8005\u306f\uff17\uff17\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u7279\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53f8\u6cd5\u4fee\u7fd2\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u56fd\u7c4d\u6761\u9805\u306f\u6b8b\u3063\u305f\u307e\u307e\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5f01\u8b77\u58eb\u9023\u5408\u4f1a\u306a\u3069\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u58f0\u304c\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f8\u6cd5\u8a66\u9a13\u5408\u683c\u8005\u306f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u4fee\u7fd2\u3092\u7d42\u3048\u5352\u696d\u8a66\u9a13\u306b\u5408\u683c\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u3001\u88c1\u5224\u5b98\u3001\u691c\u4e8b\u3001\u5f01\u8b77\u58eb\u306b\u306a\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4fee\u7fd2\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u88c1\u5224\u5b98\u3084\u691c\u5bdf\u5b98\u306e\u5b9f\u52d9\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u305f\u3081\u3001\u300c\u516c\u6a29\u529b\u306e\u884c\u4f7f\u306a\u3069\u306b\u643a\u308f\u308b\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u7c4d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u4fee\u7fd2\u751f\u306e\u63a1\u7528\u9078\u8003\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u306b\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u7c4d\u306e\u53d6\u5f97\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5728\u65e5\u97d3\u56fd\u4eba\u306e\u6545\u91d1\u656c\u5f97\uff08\u30ad\u30e0\u30fb\u30ad\u30e7\u30f3\u30c9\u30af\uff09\u3055\u3093\uff08\u5f8c\u306b\u5f01\u8b77\u58eb\uff09\u304c\u3001\u300c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u306b\u9580\u6238\u3092\u958b\u304b\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306f\u4e0d\u5f53\u3060\u300d\u3068\u97d3\u56fd\u7c4d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u63a1\u7528\u3092\u5e0c\u671b\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u88c1\u306f\uff17\uff17\u5e74\u306b\u56fd\u7c4d\u6761\u9805\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3082\u300c\u76f8\u5f53\u3068\u8a8d\u3081\u305f\u8005\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u63a1\u7528\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u4f8b\u5916\u898f\u5b9a\u3092\u8a2d\u3051\u305f\u3002\u3010\u92ad\u5834\u88d5\u53f8\u3011<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In probably one of the most important legal decisions all year, the Supreme Court has ruled that the “Nationality Clause” (kokuseki joukou), often cited as a reason for barring NJ from administrative (and often, even stable noncontracted) jobs in the public sector, has been scrapped. I’m not sure if that means it’s been ruled “unconstitutional”, but the clause in the Mainichi below, (“The citizenship requirement was eliminated because the courts could be seen as denying employment based solely on the question of citizenship,” the court stated.) could reasonably be stretched in future cases to say that barring NJ from jobs (currently allowed in places such as firefighting and food preparation, and also in Tokyo Prefecture for nursing) should not be permitted. That would be excellent news for the long-suffering NJ academics in Japan’s higher-education system of Academic Apartheid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,5,12,15,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-good-news","category-human-rights","category-immigration-assimilation","category-lawsuits","category-8"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4898"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4898\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.debito.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}